In adult mammals, arterial blood gases closely reflect lung gas composition, and arterial blood gases can, therefore, be effectively regulated through changes in ventilation. This is not the case among most ectothermic vertebrates, where the systemic and pulmonary circulations are not completely separated, resulting in central vascular shunts. In the presence of a right-to-left shunt (R-L shunt...

42 Abstract Background: Blood gas analysis is a widely used procedure. In clinical practice, the physicians may not always have a blood gas analyzer in their proximity. Not infrequently, blood gas samples are stored in a fridge or on ice and read retrospectively. Continued anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in the blood may alter blood gases in the interval between drawing arterial blood and its ...

introduction: the administration of crystalloid fluids is considered as the first line treatment in management of trauma patients. infusion of intravenous fluids leads to various changes in hemodynamic, metabolic and coagulation profiles of these patients. the present study attempted to survey some of these changes in patients with mild severity trauma following normal saline infusion. methods:...

background: extubation is associated with the risk of complications such as accumulated secretion above the endotracheal tube cuff, eventual atelectasia following a reduction in pulmonary volumes because of a lack of physiological positive end expiratory pressure, and intra-tracheal suction. in order to reduce these complications, and, based on basic physiological principles, a new practical ex...

The control system of breathing can be considered as a closed loop system, consisting of two subsystems: the controlling system and the controlled system. Both systems are defined by their input-output relationships. The controlling system is defined by the Respiratory Centers that are responsible for two separate, but overlapping, patterns: the automatic control pattern and the behavioral or v...

results roc-derived spo2 threshold of ≤ 94% can predict hypoxemia (pao2 < 60 mmhg) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%. furthermore, there are associations between the roc-derived spo2 threshold of ≤ 97% and detection of hypoxemia (pao2 < 70 mmhg) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 46%. the accuracy of pulse oximetry was not affected by the severity of liver disease...

Background: The quantitative contribution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to respiratory dysfunction after cardiac surgery is not documented and the effect of the use of bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts is not clear. Methods: One hundred and seventy-®ve patients undergoing CABG with (CPB, n ˆ 150) and without (NOCPB, n ˆ 25) CPB were studied. PMN elastase (as a marker of the syste...

the study was carried out to investigate the effects of camelia (camelina sativa l. crantz) variety (cs) oil or seeds on performance, meat quality, immunity and plasma metabolic profile in broiler chickens. the broilers (n= 2,080, cobb 500) were randomly allocated (sex ratio 1:1) for 32-day experimental periods (from 11d to 42 d) to 4 experimental groups: control (corn-soybean meal-full fat soy...