GM-CSF activates hematopoietic cells and recruits neutrophils and macrophages to sites of inflammation. Inhibition of GM-CSF attenuates disease activity in models of chronic inflammatory disease. Effects of GM-CSF blockade were linked to modulation of the effector phase, whereas effects on early pathogenic events, for example, Ab production, have not been identified. To evaluate yet uncharacter...

Pemfigus vulgaris (PV) adalah penyakit autoimun vesikobulosa pada kulit dan membran mukosa yang secara histologi ditandai bula intraepidermal disebabkan oleh akantolisis. Steroid sistemik merupakan terapi utama PV. Artikel ini membahas efek samping steroid parenteral pemfigus vulgaris.
 Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease of skin and mucous membranes, histologically defi...

Introduction: Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers epidermis that highly contagious and usually originated by gram-positive bacteria, this disease manifests with presence erythematous plaques yellow crust, which may become itchy or painful. Diagnosis based on signs symptoms alone. Treatment involves topical oral antibiotics symptomatic care. Objective: to detail current info...

Blistering diseases are alarming skin conditions where blister formation occurs in various ways and cannot be differentiated clinically. For confirmation of diagnosis, along with routine histological examination, immunofluorescence study is essential. Tzanck smear may be used as a rapid diagnostic tool. We included here 34 cases of different blistering lesions. Other than routine Hematoxylin an...

Autoimmune phenomena occur in healthy individuals, but when self-tolerance fails, the autoimmune response may result in specific pathology. According to Witebsky's postulates, one of the criteria in diagnosing a disease as autoimmune is the reproduction of the disease in experimental animals by the passive transfer of autoantibodies. For epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), a prototypic organ...

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), a clinically and immunopathologically distinct mucocutaneous blistering dermatosis, is a severe form of autoimmune multiorgan syndrome generally associated with poor therapeutic outcome and high mortality. This IgG-mediated disease is initiated by an obvious or occult lymphoproliferative disorder in most cases. Clinically severe mucositis, and polymorphic blister...

Blister formation in skin and mucous membranes results from a loss of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion and is a common outcome of pathological events in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune and genetic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, or injury by physical and chemical factors. Autoantibodies against structural components maintaining cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion induce ...

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a chronic sub-epidermal, mucocutaneous blistering disease caused by autoantibodies targeting the non-collagenous domain 1 (NC1) of type VII collagen (1). Most reported cases have occurred in adults, while patients with childhood EBA are very rare (2–4). Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder in genetically (mostly HLA-related) predi...