An analytical model of a spreader-stoker wood waste fired boiler has been developed for pre­ dicting the size of the largest particle which can be entrained by the upward motion of the furnace gases. This model is based on an entrainment model which equates particle in-situ settling velocity to furnace gas velocity and uses a stirred reactor mod­ el to evaluate furnace conditions. The effects o...

The blast-furnace process consists of a large number of processes that are physicochemical, thermal and mechanical interconnected processes. In addition to main processes consisting of iron oxides reduction, pig iron and slag melt creation, also realised are fuel combustion, gas flow, charge and melt flow, dissociation and other reactions in the solid and liquid phases. Inputs to the blast-furn...

M. Szega, W. Stanek Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland L. Blacha Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland The reduction of energy consumption in the blast furnace is still the subject of investigations using mathematical modelling of a blast furnace plant. Theoretical-empirical hybrid models of a blast furnace and its equipment have been presented. This model is built...

Briquetting is a process in which fine materials unsuitable for use as such are agglomerated to achieve larger particle size. Auger pressing novel briquetting method efficiently improve the recycling of by-products from iron and steelmaking. The high-temperature properties auger briquettes mainly consisting blast furnace sludge mill scale were evaluated. aim was determine suitability (BF) ironm...

background and purpose: disposing sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants (iwwtps) is a serious issue because it can affect human and animals health, and also environmental quality. in this study, sludge from an iwwtp was analyzed regarding its physicochemical characteristics and disposal options. materials and methods: grab sampling was used to collect 12 sludge samples biweekly (ma...

In September 1998 the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced that high concentrations of dioxins were detected in the samples of soil near the incinerator and ash, drainage, sludge and others remained in the furnace and air pollution control devices of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in rural part of Osaka Prefecture. According to the results the Ministry of Labor immediately organiz...

Deposits can affect the in-furnace wall surface temperature in a Kraft recovery furnace. In CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models of the Kraft recovery furnace, the wall surface temperature is frequently used as the heat-transfer boundary condition. Therefore, the effect of deposits must be taken into account in CFD models. In this work, CFD simulations of a Kraft recovery furnace were perf...

The efficiency of the application of high-emissivity coatings on the furnace walls in steam cracking technology can only be evaluated on the asis of a description of radiative heat transfer distinguishing between the frequency bands. To this end, a non-grey gas radiation model based on he exponential wide band model (EWBM) has been developed and applied in the context of three-dimensional CFD s...

Activated sludges are an inoculum source commonly used in biodegradation studies, as wastewater treatment facilities constitute an entry point to the environment for many chemicals. In this paper, the main issues relating to the use of activated sludge in biodegradability tests are presented. Special attention is also devoted to discussing the factors affecting both the activity of the microbia...

The present disposal routes of sewage sludge represent a critical environmental issue in Egypt. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about sewage sludge management due to the environmental risks, which resulted from the fast expansion of wastewater treatment plants without equal attention in dealing with the produced sludge. This paper discusses the current situation of sewage sludge ...