The east ern Bella Coola (NTS 093D) and south ern Whitesail Lake (NTS 093E) 1:250 000 map ar eas com prise a re gion of rug ged moun tain ous to pog ra phy and lim ited ac cess on the east ern mar gin of the Coast Moun tains. These map ar eas strad dle the tran si tion zone be tween the Coast and Intermontane morphogeological belts, and en com pass the bound ary be tween ig ne ous and meta mor ...

Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (GN-MDRO) producing β-lactamases (ESBL, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases) are increasingly reported throughout Asia. The aim of this surveillance study was to determine the rate of bacterial colonization in patients from two hospitals in the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar. Rectal swabs were obtained from patients referred to the Na...

To the Editor Carbapenems (i.e. ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem) are second line antimicrobials reserved to treat serious infections, including those caused by Gramnegative bacilli (GNB) producing extended-spectrum b-lactamses (ESBLs). ESBLs mediate resistance among GNB to b-lactam drugs, including third generation cephalosporins. Emergence of carbapenemases-producing GNB (mainly ...

Carbapenemases are a growing concern worldwide since they threaten the efficacy of carbapenems, the most potent -lactam antibiotics. Nonmetallocarbapenemase class A (NMC-A) was identified in 1990 from a clinical isolate of Enterobacter cloacae, and since its first report in France (1), this rare enzyme has been found only in the United States (Seattle, WA, and New York, NY), Argentina, and Finl...

The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a global health problem that is of great concern to public health services (1, 2). The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CRE in three Nigerian hospitals and to characterize the resistance mechanisms of such isolates. A total of 218 consecutive clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae based on incl...

Acinetobacter species are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) (1). This, in part, is due to the bacteria’s ability to survive long-term on hospital environment surfaces and their ability to acquire antibiotic resistance genes (2). One of the Acinetobacter species most often associated with high morbidity and mortality is A. baumannii (1). How...

Avariety of metallo-lactamase (M L) enzymes have been reported from Gram-negative organisms collected in Italy, including VIM-1, the second acquired M L to be reported; IMP-13; VIM-2; IMP-19; and FIM-1 (1–6). A survey conducted from September to December of 2004 in 12 Italian cities demonstrated a low overall prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms, but these strains were widespread acr...

Gram-negative bacteria producing VIM-type metallo-lactamases (MBLs) are increasingly isolated worldwide (8). The VIM group includes at least 13 variants, clustered into three evolutionary lineages, driven by VIM-1, VIM-2, and VIM-7 (www.lahey.org/studies/other.asp#table1). blaVIM-12 is a recently identified blaVIM-1/VIM-2 hybrid gene, originally found in 2005 in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical...

Sir, The New Delhi metallo-lactamase (NDM), initially reported in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, is now disseminated worldwide mostly among Enterobacteriaceae [1]. The NDM carbapenemase has also been described in Acinetobacter baumannii, but only in sporadic cases in countries such as China, India, Egypt, Germany, Israel and, more recently, Brazil [1,2]. Noteworthy, recent studies ...