Objective(s)The key transcriptional regulator Oct4 is one of the self-renewal and differentiation-related factors in cancer stem cells, where it maintains "stemness" state. Cancer stem cells have been identified in a variety of solid malignancies. They are a small population of tumor cells with stem cell characteristics, which are a likely cause of relapse in cancer patients. Due to high incide...

objective(s):green tea (gt) is one of the most popular beverages worldwide whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated. recent studies suggest that gt may contribute to reduction of cancer risk and progression. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole gt on urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis in male and female icr mice. materials and methods: the gt characte...

The treatment of bladder cancer is usually performed by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation. BCG therapy is a common therapeutic method with fewer side effects compared with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. BCG can also inhibit the progression and recurrence of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis pathways, arrest cell cycle, autophagy, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formatio...

Most common urinary system cancer is the Bladder cancer(BC), more in men (M/F: 3), associated with both genetic and environmental factors.,two most well-known factors are smoking occupational exposures.Smoking 25-65% of BC cases, %50 average. Urothelial cancers occupations that use paint, textiles, rubber petroleum products. Among chemical substances; O-toluidine, 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-...

Introduction Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in elderly people and most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). Bladder pathology is usually investigated visually by cystoscopy and this technique can represent different conditions ranging from simple inflammation to flat CIS. However, biopsies must be taken from the suspected area to obtain diagnostic information. T...

Purpose: This study aims to assess and measure the origin of superior vesical artery its distance from anterior trunk internal iliac artery, which anticancer drug is infused via double-balloon-occluded arterial infusion bladder-preserving therapy for locally invasive bladder cancer.

introduction : cytotoxic t-cell lymphocyte antigen 4 (ctla-4) is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulins that are mainly expressed by activated t cells. it is established that blockade of ctla-4 receptors leads to the enhancement of an immune response. different polymorphisms of the ctla-4 gene have been described which cause increased susceptibility to various malignancies such as lymph...

Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease and ranks as 10th most common worldwide. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) the histologic type of BC majority constitute papillary tumors that are well-differentiated (low-grade). Several genetic changes may occur in bladder cancer, but hTERT promoter mutations its expression has been detected cases transitional cell carcinoma. Numerous researches have led to f...