background:cystitis and pyelonephnitis in ruminants mostoften result from ascending urinary tract infection (uti).objectives: investigating the prevalence of urine infection andits relationship with histopathological findings of bladder andkidney. methods: this study was carried out on 353 slaughteredbuffalos (143 female and 210 male) at ahvaz abattoir, southwest ofiran. after slaughter, urinar...

background and aims: immunohistochemical tests are one of the most important tests, which are under study to determine the prognosis of the cancers such as transitional cell carcinoma. by the time, flexible cystoscopy and urine cytology are the routine tests for following up the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, which are both operator dependent. on the other hand, cystoscopy is an inv...

ultrasonographic examination of urinary system (kidney and urinary bladder) was conducted in new zealand white rabbit [nzwr] and tolai hare (lepus tolai). ultrasound images of the kidney and urinary bladder were evaluated on fifteen healthy rabbits of new zealand white rabbit and another fifteen tolai hares. the healthy rabbits were 8-12 months old (mean = 9.3 months), of both sexes and weighed...

abstract introduction: bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and the ninth cancer in terms of incidence in both sexes in the world. bladder cancer is the second most common cancer in men in iran. this study aimed to investigate the trend of death from bladder cancer in iran.materials and methods: this study was conducted by the use of data on mortality in iran during 2006...

most bladder tumors are epithelial in origin. nonepithelial cancers are rarely located in the bladder. sarcomas are the most common malignancies among nonepithelial cancers. primary bladder lymphoma is rare and mostly low grade. here, we have reported a case of diffuse large cell lymphoma of the bladder. the patient, a 64-year-old man, had urinary frequency for 18 months. abdominal sonography i...

objective: to evaluate the mrna expression ratio of bcl-2/bax both in normal and tumoral bladder tissues of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of bladder and investigate potential correlation between this expression ratio and clinical outcome. materials and methods: in this experimental study, we used real time-pcr to investigate the expression of bcl-2 and bax both in normal and t...

conclusions silodosin use prior to vcug confers a statistically significant increase in bladder neck opening and visualization of posterior urethra. results in group a 19 out of 20 patients were able to achieve satisfactory bladder neck opening while in group b 10 out of 15 patients were able to achieve bladder neck opening. patients and methods patients were divided into two groups a and b con...

Background and aims: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and the ninth cancer in terms of incidence in both sexes in the world. Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer among men in Iran. The most important risk factors which attribute to the incidence of bladder cancer are tobacco usage, exposure to industrial materials, and chronic infection by Schistsoma. This...

Hydroalcoholic extract of Pycnocycla spinosa is a relaxant of rat ileum and inhibits diarrhea in mice. As P. spinosa extract has spasmolytic activity on ileum, it could also affect other smooth muscles like bladder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of P. spinosa extract on rat bladder contraction. In an in vitro study, the effects of P. spinosa extract, nifedipine ...