The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, "Sir Percival Pott" described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others....

act— A CFD-based numerical model has been ed for the determination of the volume concentration ber density of soot in a laminar diffusion flame of in air, under transient condition following ignition of e. The transience is studied from the point of ignition final steady state is reached. The burner is an axiric co-flowing one with the fuel issuing through a port and air through an annular port...

Amultiwavelength  ame emission technique is developed for high spatial resolution determination of soot temperature and soot volume fraction in axisymmetric laminar diffusion  ames. Horizontal scans of line-integrated spectra are collected over a spectral range of 500–945 nm. Inversion of these data through one-dimensional tomography using a three-point Abel inversion yields radial distributi...

Soot particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and have important climatic and health effects. The aging processes of soot during long-range transport result in variability in its morphology, microstructure, and hygroscopic and optical properties, subsequently leading to the modification of soot's climatic and health effects. In the present study the aging process of soot by molecular O(2) und...

Soot particles, which are aggregated carbonaceous spherules with graphitic structures, are major aerosol constituents that result from burning of fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass. Their properties commonly change through reaction with other particles or gases, resulting in complex internal mixtures. Using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for both imaging and chemical analysis, we measu...

A semiempirical model has been developed for predicting coal-derived soot. The main feature of the model is a transport equation for soot mass fraction. Tar prediction options include either an empirical or a transport equation approach, which directly impacts the source term for soot formation. Also, the number of soot particles per unit mass of gas may be calculated using either a transport e...

Due to increasingly tighter emission limits for diesel and gasoline engines, especially concerning particulate matter emissions, particulate filters are becoming indispensable devices for exhaust gas after treatment. Thereby, for an efficient engine and filter control strategy and a cost-efficient filter design, reliable technologies to determine the soot load of the filters and to measure part...

The build-up of soot deposits on cold wall surfaces is a problem of unknown significance for combustion applications. Soot deposits are due to thermophoretic transport and are generally ignored in theoretical and numerical analysis. We examine here the relationship between the rate of soot deposition and the wall convective heat flux, using both Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy ...

Catalytic activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), immobilized on carbon black NORIT and soot PM-100, with respect to decomposition of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) in non-aqueous media (acetonitrile and tetrachloromethane), was investigated with a quantitative UV-spectrophotometrical approach. Progress of the above reaction was controlled by selected kinetic parameters: the apparent Michaelis const...

In recent decades, there has been a tendency toward increased summer floods in south China, increased drought in north China, and moderate cooling in China and India while most of the world has been warming. We used a global climate model to investigate possible aerosol contributions to these trends. We found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those obser...