black humor plays a crucial role in fulfilling langston hughes's anti-racist purposes as an integral notionin his poetry. accordingly, translation(s) of his poetry are to benefit from the same indexes onthe basis of equivalent effect principle. on this account, 33 black-humor-rich poems of hughes, translatedby ahmad shamloo, yaghma golruee and hassan fayyad, were selected to be analyzed co...

The prevalence of cancer in antiquity is rather an unknown scientific field. Nevertheless, During the 5th century BC, Hippocrates and his followers, studied thoroughly this fatal disease and proposed surgical techniques and palliative drugs to confront and treat the malignant tumors caused by the black bile (the 4 humors theory). Inside Corpus Hippocraticum, nasal cancer was mentioned, alongsid...

insanity as a bodily disease,?for Hippocrates taught that mental diseases were due to the circulation of black bile in the blood,?our present knowledge of the physical causation of mental disease is sadly deficient and most imperfect. Within a comparatively short lapse of time, I have been fortunate enough to meet with a series of cases, in many of which the close sympathetic connection between...

during ERCP using a single-balloon enteroscope in a patient with a Roux-en-Y gastrectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with altered small-bowel anatomy is challenging, often needing device-assisted enteroscopy [1]. We report on a complicated ERCP procedure using a single-balloon enteroscope (SIF Q180, Olympus) in a 90-year-old patient who had undergone Roux-e...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of crude bile on the human HepG2 and CCRF-CEM cell lines. Cells were exposed to different dilutions of bile. Antiproliferative effects were determined by the cytotoxic MTT assay. Cells undergoing apoptosis were identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Bile administration resulted in dose-dependent c...

Abstract Background Black gall stones are consistently described in relation to haem turnover and hemolytic disorders. also a frequent presentation cirrhotic patients, principally due hemolysis-related hypersplenism. Case Herein, we present case of an average built 83-year-old lady who was suffering from biliary-type abdominal episodes pain. Neither clinical nor laboratory evidence overt biliar...

plastic biliary stents is their short patency rate [1], as they are prone to biofilm buildup within the central lumen of the stent, resulting in impaired bile flow [2]. The wing stent (ViaDuct; GI Supply, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, USA) was engineered to overcome this problem (●" Fig. 1). The wing stent is a lumenless stent in which bile is channeled along the exterior winged grooves, theoretical...