Bohle iridovirus (BIV) is a species within the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae, first isolated from the ornate burrowing frog Limnodynastes ornatus in Australia. The BIV genome confirms it is closely related to isolates from boreal toad Anaxyrus boreas and leaf-tailed gecko Uroplatus fimbriatus within the United States and Germany, respectively.

bovine immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which can cause varieties of infectious complications and induce remarkable losses to dairy industry. considering to the probability of worldwide distribution of the biv infection, this study was conducted for the first time in iran to determine of the status of biv infection in the holstein cattle and evaluate the associated findings. according to ...

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are bovine lentiviruses that are closely related genetically. A recombinant fusion protein containing the capsid protein of BIV expressed in Escherichia coli was used to immunize mice and produce monoclonal antibodies. Six hybridomas specific for BIV capsid protein were identified, and one antibody, designated 10H1, was charac...

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure by synchronizing contraction of the right and left ventricles (RV, LV). This study was to determine if electrical stimulation during the refractory period of bi-ventricular (BiV) pacing would provide additional LV mechanical improvement. Methods: 16 patients receiving CRT-ICD devices wer...

OBJECTIVE It has been hypothesized that abnormal negative feedback of cortisol release in major depressive disorder (MDD) may involve impaired central glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. Beclomethasone-induced vasoconstriction (BIV) was recently used to test the hypothesis that impaired GR function generalizes to peripheral tissues, and it was reported that BIV was decreased in medicated pat...

AIMS To investigate whether biventricular (BIV) pacing preserves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduces LV dyssynchrony when compared with standard dual-chamber right ventricular (RV) pacing in consecutive patients with high-grade atrioventricular block during 3 years of pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty patients were randomized to RV pacing or BIV pacing. LVEF was measured usi...

INTRODUCTION Right ventricular (RV) anodal capture (AC) has been reported in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), when left ventricular (LV) pacing uses pseudobipolar (LV tip to RV proximal electrode) configuration. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of AC and its implications for device programming. METHODS AND RESULTS When AC occurred, the resulting QRS morphology was ev...

Resynchronization is frequently used for the treatment of heart failure, but the mechanism for improvement is not entirely clear. In the present study, the temporal synchrony and spatiotemporal distribution of left ventricular (LV) contraction was investigated in eight dogs during right atrial (RA), right ventricular apex (RVa), and biventricular (BiV) pacing using tagged magnetic resonance ima...

INTRODUCTION Recent efforts to increase CRT response by multiSPOT pacing (MSP) from multiple bipols on the same left ventricular lead are still inconclusive. AIM The Left Ventricular (LV) MultiSPOTpacing for CRT (iSPOT) study compared the acute hemodynamic response of MSP pacing by using 3 electrodes on a quadripolar lead compared with conventional biventricular pacing (BiV). METHODS Patien...

INTRODUCTION This meta-analysis evaluated 14 studies which compared clinical and functional outcomes after different cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) modalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant studies were selected from the Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases until June 27th, 2016. We analyzed and compared the clinical outcomes (peak O2 consumption and LVEF) and func...