Sedation in children is increasingly emerging as a minimally invasive technique that may be associated with local anaesthesia or diagnostic and therapeutic procedures which do not necessarily require general anaesthesia. Standard monitoring requirements are not sufficient to ensure an effective control of pulmonary ventilation and deep sedation. Capnography in pediatric sedation assesses the ef...

UNLABELLED A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index (ARX AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 patients before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood p...

We have studied the effect of nitrous oxide on bispectral index (BIS), calculated from a bipolar encephalogram. Inhalation of 70% nitrous oxide resulted in loss of consciousness in all healthy volunteers (n = 10) but no change in BIS. Brief inhalation up to 1.2% sevoflurane also resulted in loss of consciousness in volunteers (n = 5), but with sevoflurane, BIS decreased. BIS and the haemodynami...

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and the bispectral index (BIS) are used to detect cerebral perfusion abnormalities. However, whether rSO2 and BIS values change during ligation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is unknown. We report a case in which BIS values were decreased, despite increased rSO2 during ligation of the IJV. A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with metastasis of renal ca...

We report a case of an erroneously elevated bispectral index (BIS) during robot assisted thyroidectomy using an electromyographic endotracheal tube (EMG tube), which is safe and useful for laryngeal electromyographic monitoring. Ten minutes after start of the operation, a sudden increase of BIS value up to 98 was noticed. The BIS values were not decreased to < 65 with supplemental anesthetics. ...

BACKGROUND Concomitantly recorded Bispectral Index® (BIS) and Entropy™ values sometimes show discordant trends during general anaesthesia. Previously, no attempt had been made to discover which EEG characteristics cause discrepancies between BIS and Entropy. We compared BIS and Entropy values, and analysed the changes in the raw EEG signal during surgical anaesthesia with sevoflurane. METHODS...

BACKGROUND Induction of anesthesia is the most crucial period of general anesthesia. Inhalational induction is the most commonly used technique in pediatric anesthesia. Tracheal intubation can be done after reaching the deep levels of anesthesia. The depth of anesthesia is often difficult to be judged. Bispectral index is a measure of the effects of anesthesia on brain. This study was designed ...

THE Bispectral Index (BIS) is increasingly used to monitor the level of (un)consciousness during surgical anesthesia and conscious sedation. Generally, an intraoperative BIS of 40–60 is considered sufficient to maintain adequate hypnosis for surgery. Recently, a new version of the BIS monitor has been introduced: the BIS-XP (Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA). The BIS-XP is said to exhibit imp...

INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury and generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) are conditions that require aggressive management. Barbiturates are used to lower intracranial pressure or to stop epileptiform activity, with the aim being to improve neurological outcome. Dosing of barbiturates is usually guided by the extent of induced burst-suppression pattern on the electroencephalogra...

As we were interested in the use of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring during the application of acupuncture, we conducted a PubMed search on 31 July 2012 using the keywords ‘acupuncture’ and ‘bispectral index’. This yielded 23 articles reporting the use of BIS during evaluation of the effects of acupuncture. Except for the paper by Zheng et al recently published in this journal, none of these a...