background probiotics are thought to interfere with the mechanisms involving in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. objectives this study was planned to assess the effect of prophylactic probiotics for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in low birth weight neonates. patients and methods this prospective triple-blinded, interventional, randomized clinical trial en...

conclusions information gained misleadingly and fears related to vaginal delivery were seen as factors affecting women’s preferences for delivery. thus, midwives are required to train both pregnant women during antenatal care and all women in society about methods of delivery and to give effective counseling. results mean age rate of participants was 39.8 ± 11.8 years. the most significant reas...

ba ck g r oun d  & aim: childbirth related fear (crf) causes pregnant women  to select cesarean section (cs) without a medical reason. the purpose of this study was to determine reasons for delivery related fear and associated factors in pregnant women. methods & materials: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 pregnant wom- en who were in the last trimester. participants we...

background: birth weight and gestational age are two important variables in obstetric research. the primary measure of gestational age is based on a mother's recall of her last menstrual period. this recall may cause random or systematic errors. therefore, the objective of this study is to utilize bayesian mixture model in order to identify implausible gestational age.   methods: in this cross-...

background: prematurity is the most common cause of death and disability and preterm infants, are prone to developmental complications. for this reason this study was designed for follow up of these babies until 2 years by modified ddst-2. methods: this study was a prospective longitudinal descriptive study from march 2009 to march 2011 in clinic of sheikh and imam reza hospitals, mashhad, iran...

background: metabolic bone diseases (mbd), including rickets and osteopenia, are important neonatal complications among preterm infants. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of mbd in neonates with very low birth weight (vlbw). methods: this prospective study was conducted on vlbw infants from january 2012 to july 2013. inclusion criteria were birth weight of ≤1500 g an...

violence and the threat of violence against pregnant women are main barriers to women’s empowerment and equal participation in society. when stress and violence increase in developing societies, women’s safety in the home, workplace and community is often seriously affected. to determine the prevalence of physical abuse in pregnant women and to assess association between physical violence durin...

various statistical methods have been proposed in terms of predicting the outcomes of facing special factors. in the classical approaches,  making the probability distribution or known probability density functions is ordinarily necessary to predict the desired outcome. however, most of the times enough information about the probability distribution of studied variables is not available to the ...

background : twin pregnancies are commonly associated with low birth weight (lbw) infants. most studies focus on growth of lbw compared with normal infants in singleton. however, there has not been any study on twins to com-pare lbw with normal birth weight (nbw) infants as a match control of the same twin. methods : this cohort study was conducted at healthcare centers of kashan, in 2013. twin...

objective: maternal hypovitaminosis d may impair fetal growth and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal low birth weight. the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between maternal vitamin d status and neonate’s birth weight. materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study was carried out in the nursery ward of...