A disposable, screen-printed electrode based on the immobilization of catalase or tyrosinase was developed to construct biosensors for the amperometric determination of azide. The determination principles for azide by these two methods are based on inhibiting the enzymatic consumption of an electrode-detectable substance (hydrogen peroxide or catechol) on an enzyme-immobilized electrode. Both o...

An electrochemical sensor was developed by reconstituting pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and L-proline dehydrogenase on gold electrode. Reversible redox peaks and low redox potential were obtained from cyclic voltammograms, proved that the attached PQQ and FAD accelerated electron communication between enzyme active site and gold electrode surface. It is expec...

The electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes is the most fundamental requirement for the development of amperometric biosensors and biofuel cell elements. For the effective electrical communication of redox enzymes with electrodes the use of electron relay units that transport the electrons between the enzyme redox center and the conducting surface is essential. Also, the structur...

Coimmobilization of beta-galactosidase and glucose oxidase in a redox polymer, polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate (PVF+ ClO4-), led to the development of an enzyme electrode for the determination of lactose. The amperometric response of the electrode was measured at +0.70 V vs. SCE, which was due to the electrooxidation of enzymatically produced H2O2. The effects of the substrate and buffer conce...

Two transition metal tellurides, CoTe and NiTe2, were synthesized and for the first time employed as the counter electrodes (CEs) with high catalytic activity for reduction of I3(-) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Using CoTe and NiTe2-based CEs, photoelectric conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.92% and 7.21% were achieved for DSCs, respectively, comparable to that of 7.04% achieved when u...

In protein film electrochemistry for redox-active membrane proteins, the reconstitution of protein-tethered bilayer lipid membranes (ptBLMs) can maximize their functionality and stability at electrolyte/electrode interfaces. To understand impact protein–lipid interactions on ptBLM formation, we tracked process a in presence or absence transmembrane enzyme cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide red...

The effect of proper enzyme orientation at the electrode surface was explored for two multi-copper oxygen reducing enzymes: Bilirubin Oxidase (BOx) and Laccase (Lac). Simultaneous utilization of "tethering" agent (1-pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester; PBSE), for stable enzyme immobilization, and syringaldazine (Syr), for enzyme orientation, of both Lac and BOx led to a notable enhancement ...

Glucose sensing electrodes have been realized by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) on unmodified edge plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (epHOPG) and the native oxide of heavily doped silicon (SiO2/Si). Both kinds of electrode show direct interfacial electron transfer due to the redox process of the immobilized GOx. The measured formal potential of the redox process agrees with that o...

This paper describes a biomaterial microfabrication approach for interfacing functional biomolecules (enzymes) with electrode arrays. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel photopatterning was employed to integrate gold electrode arrays with the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lactate oxidase (LOX). In this process, PEG diacrylate (DA)-based prepolymer containing enzyme molecules as well as re...