Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is the world's most widely grown leguminous crop and an important source of protein and oil for food and feed. Soybean yields have increased substantially throughout the past century, with yield gains widely attributed to genetic advances and improved cultivars as well as advances in farming technology and practice. Yet, the physiological mechanisms underlying the hi...

Tropospheric O3 reduces growth and yield of many crop species, whereas CO2 ameliorates the negative effects of O3. Thus, in a combined elevated CO2 and O3 atmosphere, seed yield is at least restored to that of charcoal-filtered (CF) air at ambient CO2. The CO2induced yield increase in CF air is highly variable, suggesting other potential resource limitations. To understand such variability in r...

A simple method was invented to achieve a high yield of cellulosic biomass-derived alkyl levulinates, which have the potential to be alternative fuel additives. Alkyl levulinates, such as butyl-, pentyl-, and hexyl levulinates, were produced using single-step acid-catalyzed solvolysis of cellulosic biomass without the use of elevated pressure. Reactions were performed by refluxing alcohols such...

The work proves that in an impulsive bioprocess the stable oscillation period exists for any microorganisms – i.e. microorganisms of any characteristics of biomass yield and specific growth rate – pointing out the practical and scientific importance of the presented solution.Moreover, universal stability conditions of the impulsive bioprocess are presented. In order to obtain the universality o...

Accumulation of plant biomass (Mg ha(-1)) with calendar time (wk) occurs as a result of photosynthesis for green land-based plants. A corresponding accumulation of mineral elements (kg ha(-1)) such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium occurs from the soil through plant roots. Field data from literature for the warm-season annual cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are used in this analysis. The ex...

salinity is one of the abiotic stresses and exploitation of heterosis could increase the crop yield and extend the stress tolerance, especially in salinity stress. in this research, a set of full diallel design involving 7×7 crosses from cultivars including flat, bam, ghods, roshan, arg, kavir and pishtaz were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under both no...

Lignocellulosic biomass can be a significant source of renewable clean energy with continued improvement in biomass yield and bioconversion strategies. In higher plants, the leaf blade is the central energy convertor where solar energy and CO2 are assimilated to make the building blocks for biomass production. Here we report that introducing the leaf blade development regulator STENOFOLIA (STF)...

The potential biomass yield per phosphorus and lipid/triglyceride (TAG) accumulation properties of seven microalgal species: Scenedesmus sp. LX1, Chlorella ellipsoidea YJ1, Chlorella vuglaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Dunaliella primolecta and Haematococcus pluvialis were investigated. Among the tested species, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 obtained the smallest minimal phosphorus co...

Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a facultative anaerobe, which produces L (+) lactic acid and ethanol under anaerobic conditions, is used in the present study. An adh mutant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC 1408, was developed by chemical mutagenesis, which could produce pure L(+) lactic acid as the only product. Batch fermentation kinetics of the wild type and the mutant strain were studied in glucose-...

The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y2 was employed to remove waste nutrients from bioethanol wastewater while simultaneously producing biomass enriched in microbial lipids. Under optimal conditions, the COD degradation ratio, biomass and lipid content reached 72.3%, 3.8 g/l and 34.9%, respectively. For accelerating biomass and lipid accumulation, different feeding strategies of subs...