Cascading keeps wood in products for a longer duration and delays the embedded biogenic carbon emission. Carbon is kept out of atmosphere longer, giving forests time to sequester equivalent amounts carbon. The storage period needed same amount affect GWP - an aspect often overlooked LCA. This study compares alternative cascading scenarios producing biochemicals fuel – examine influence rate flo...

A combined gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method has been employed for the analysis of the flavor volatiles of some Iranian rice cultivars (Domsiah, Deylamani, Hashemi, Shirodi and Tarom). The samples were grown in different cities of Mazandaran province. The sampling procedure and chromatographic conditions were same for all sa...

General Experimental Procedures: Egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) and routine chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. SM-2 Bio-beads were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories. ULTROL grade Triton X-100 was from Roche Molecular Biochemicals. 1-acyl-2-C6-NBD-PC (NBD-PC) was from Avanti Polar Lipids. Salt-washed endoplasmic reticulum (SWER) was prepared from a rat liver homogenate as previousl...

BACKGROUND The large surplus of crude glycerol, as main low-value waste stream in biodiesel production, has led to the investigation of new possibilities for the production of value-added chemicals from this feedstock. New and efficient (bio-) catalysts are needed that are able to convert glycerol to versatile chemical building blocks. This would contribute to further develop away from a mainly...

The depletion of fossil resources makes the transition towards renewable ones more urgent. For this purpose, synthesis strategic platform-chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), represents a fundamental challenge for development feasible bio-refinery. HMF perfectly deals with necessity, because it can be obtained from hexose fraction biomass. Thanks to its high reactivity, exploited m...

This research thesis validates the potential of tall oil as a renewable feedstock for the production of base-chemicals, especially olefins, as conceived in the thermo-chemical bio-refinery concept. The focus was on the use of hydrotreating and steam cracking technologies with different tall oil feedstocks. Particular advances were accomplished in terms of technology development for high yield o...