Objective(s): As T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is an immune regulatory molecule; its blocking or stimulating could alter the pattern of immune response towards a desired condition. Based on the unique features of nanobodies, we aimed to construct an anti-TIM-3 nanobody as an appropriate tool for manipulating immune responses for future therapeutic purposes. Materials and Meth...

CO2 is the main greenhouse gas emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels and is considered a threat in the context of global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes embody a group of technologies for the capture of CO2 from power plants, followed by compression, transport, and permanent storage. Key advances in recent years include the further development of ne...

Background: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor plays an important role in FSH signaling during reproductive development. Any changes in FSHR gene is resulted in alteration of amino acid in protein chain, consequence to affect the binding affinity, intracellular signaling and expression levels of FSHR. FSHR polymorphisms can be involved in etiology of many reproductive disorders such as...

Incorporating strong ion–dipole interactions within acyclic molecular frameworks can remarkably enhance both binding affinity and selectivity for lithium ion, offering a simple effective strategy developing high-performance receptors.

Introduction: A noninvasive method of detecting exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the external surface of the plasma membrane such as nuclear imaging could assist the diagnosis and therapy of apoptosis related pathologies. The most studied imaging agent for apoptosis is Annexin V so far. Because of limitations of Annexin V other agents have been introduced such as small peptides and molecu...

Tumor-targeted therapies are playing growing roles in cancer research. The exploitation of these powerful therapeutic modalities largely depends on the discovery of tumor-targeting ligands. Phage display has proven a promising high throughput screening tool for the identification of novel specific peptides with high binding affinity to cancer cells. In the present study, we describe the use of ...

the interaction of sulfur mustard with aminoacids and proteins has been investigated in this study. rats were injected with sublethal doses of sulfur mustard subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. at different time intervals, plasma and urine samples were collected. the binding affinity of sulfur mustard with urinary and plasma proteins and enzymes was studied for the first time using non-ideal ...

Background: Electrostatic interactions are one of the forces guiding binding molecules to proteins. The assessment this interaction through computational approaches makes it possible evaluate energy protein-drug complexes. Objective: Our purpose here is review some methods used calculate electrostatic complexes and explore capacity these for generation new tools drug discovery using abstraction...

We synthesized two resorcin[4]arene scaffolds with four phosphate binding groups. The superior affinity to nanocrystal surfaces is demonstrated using solution NMR spectroscopy and exceeds that of single phosphonates.