The inferior colliculus (IC) model of Cai et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 475-493 (1998)] simulated the binaural response properties of low-frequency IC neurons in response to various acoustic stimuli. This model, however, failed to simulate the sensitivities of IC neurons to dynamically changing temporal features, such as the sharpened dynamic interaural phase difference (IPD) functions. In t...

OBJECTIVES Auditory steady-state responses that can be elicited by various periodic sounds inform about subcortical and early cortical auditory processing. Steady-state responses to amplitude-modulated pure tones have been used to scrutinize binaural interaction by frequency-tagging the two ears' inputs at different frequencies. Unlike pure tones, speech and music are physically very complex, a...

Subjects judged the loudness and the lateral position of dichotic transient signals, which were presented at equal and unequal levels, synchronously and asynchronously, to the two ears. Binaural loudness summation of clicks does not obey a law of linear addition: It is partial at low level and superadditive at high level. Supersummation is greater for interaurally delayed clicks than for coinci...

Small lesions designed to completely destroy the cortical zone of representation of a restricted band of frequency were introduced within the primary auditory cortex (AI) in adult cats. Physiological mapping was used to guide placement of lesions. Sound-localization performance was evaluated prior to and after induction of these lesions in a seven-choice free-sound-field apparatus. All tested c...

Behavioral audiograms and sound localization abilities were determined for three alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Their hearing at a level of 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL) (re 20 μPa) extended from 40 Hz to 32.8 kHz, a range of 9.7 octaves. They were most sensitive at 8 kHz, with an average threshold of -0.5 dB SPL. The minimum audible angle around the midline for 100-ms broadband noise was 23°, ind...

For over a century, the duplex theory has guided our understanding of human sound localization in the horizontal plane. According to this theory, the auditory system uses interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) to localize low-frequency and high-frequency sounds, respectively. Whilst this theory successfully accounts for the localization of tones by humans, so...

A model for the subjective lateral position of 500-Hz tones is presented and compared with experimental lateralization data. Previous papers in this series have explicitly described the auditory-nerve response to these stimuli and proposed a binaural displayer that interaurally compares the auditory-nerve firing times. The outputs of the displayer are postulated to represent the only informatio...

A binaural beat can be produced by presenting two tones of a differing frequency, one to each ear. Such auditory stimulation has been suggested to influence behaviour and cognition via the process of cortical entrainment. However, research so far has only shown the frequency following responses in the traditional EEG frequency ranges of delta, theta and gamma. Hence a primary aim of this resear...

When two tones are presented in a short time interval, the response to the second tone is suppressed. This phenomenon is referred to as forward suppression. To address the effect of the masker laterality on forward suppression, magnetoencephalographic responses were investigated for eight subjects with normal hearing when the preceding maskers were presented ipsilaterally, contralaterally, and ...