The biliary epithelium is continuously exposed to highly cytotoxic bile acids and pathogens and thus is at persistent risk for injury. The monolayer mucosal epithelium protects the body from these dangers and once injured. The bile duct repair process essentially involves reconstruction of the bile duct with migrating cells, but there are many questions about the process. It is reported that im...

Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy has become a standard operation for distal and middle bile duct cancers. Bile duct cancer typically extends longitudinally and invades vertically. It frequently metastasizes to the lymph nodes and infiltrates the perineural spaces. The presence of residual cancer in the bile duct stump and lymph node metastases are significant prognostic factors. Negativ...

Purpose: Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. Methods: Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interpo...

The vast majority of bile duct injuries is iatrogenic and occurs during abdominal surgeries or other interventions such as endoscopic or percutaneous cannulation of the biliary tree. Accidental traumas are responsible only for 1–5% of the total number of biliary injuries. The diagnosis of non-iatrogenic traumatic bile duct injuries is challeng‐ ing as current cross-sectional imaging tests are n...

The management of common bile duct stones has traditionally required open laparotomy and bile duct exploration. With the advent of endoscopic and laparoscopic technology in the latter half of the last century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration has become the mainstream treatment for common bile duct stones in most medical centers around...

i bile duct is The lower end of the common bile duct under of the duoconditions of high intraductal pressure is shown y just before diagrammatically in Figure 2. the duct is Gall stones may lodge in such diverticula and are easily overlooked at operation because of their situation. Three cases are described where operative .COMMON BILE difficulties were encountered, as large stones were situate...

884 CMAJ, May 15, 2012, 184(8) © 2012 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors Gallstone disease is responsible for about 1.8 million ambulatory care visits and more than 700 000 cholecystectomies yearly in the United States. In Canada, the adjusted annual rate of elective cholecystectomy was 260.8 per 100 000 population during the period 1992–2000. Gallstone disease is the second most com...

Double common bile duct (DCBD) is a rare congenital anomaly among biliary anomalies. The anomaly has an important clinical implication because of its association with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) and upper gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, if one of the two common bile ducts is mistaken for the cystic duct during surgery, bile duct injury is likely to occur. Treatment ...

Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) for hepatic hilar obstruction is sometimes challenging. Moreover, when unilateral biliary drainage has already been performed, if another intrahepatic bile duct also needs to be drained, EBDmay be mademore difficult because of tumor ingrowth and the narrowed angle from which the bile duct must be accessed. In this case, percutaneous biliary drainage (PTBD) or e...

It is known that the fluids bathing tumors might contain a higher level of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) than those found in the blood. Therefore, we evaluated the role of bile CEA in diagnosing bile duct cancer. One hundred and thirty two patients were prospectively studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the bile duct cancer (n=32), pancreatic cancer (n=16), and benign biliary ...