We consider the routing and the wavelength assignment (RWA) of scheduled and random lightpath demands in a wavelength switching mesh network without wavelength conversion functionality. Scheduled lightpath demands (SLDs) are connection demands for which the set-up and tear-down times are known in advance as opposed to random lightpath demands (RLDs) which are dynamically established and release...

We study in this paper the bifurcation and singularities of the Ginzburg–Landau equation. The existence and structure of the bifurcated solutions are obtained by T. Ma, J. Park and S. Wang [8] and now we prove that the bifurcated invariant set Σλ contains at least C k n = n···(n−k+1) k! singularity manifolds T k+1 provided λ crosses the second eigenvalue α of −α∆. And we achieved the similar re...

A prospective study was undertaken of fifty-one patients who were randomly assigned to treatment with either a long or a short thumb-spica cast for a non-displaced fracture of the carpal scaphoid. The duration of follow-up was at least until union; the average follow-up was twelve months. Twenty-eight fractures were treated with a long thumb-spica cast and twenty-three, with a short thumb-spica...

The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist between physiotherapists with work-related thumb pain and physiotherapists without thumb pain. Twenty-four physiotherapists with work-related thumb pain (Pain Group) and 20 physiotherapists without thumb or wrist pain (Non-pain Group), who were working at least 20 hours per week in an outpatient musculoskeletal setting, were compa...

A case is presented of arteriovenous malformation of the thumb, requiring thumb amputation and free fap coverage for curative treatment. The thumb was reconstructed by pollicization of the index finger as a secondary operation. The patient remains free of recurrence after 2 years and uses the pollicized thumb for daily activities.

Thumb hypoplasia is a component of radial longitudinal deficiency. The severity can range from slightly smaller thumb to complete absence. They are often categorised using Blauth classification recommend appropriate treatment. Type II characterised by the first web-space narrowing, underdeveloped or absence thenar muscles, extrinsic and metacarpophalangeal joint instability. author reviews 7-ye...

This paper examines the bifurcation and structure of the bifurcated solutions of the two-dimensional infinite Prandtl number convection problem. The existence of a bifurcation from the trivial solution to an attractor ΣR was proved by Park [14]. We prove in this paper that the bifurcated attractor ΣR consists of only one cycle of steady state solutions and that it is homeomorphic to S1. By thor...

[1] A generalization of the Harris [1962] model has recently been proposed to explain the multi-spacecraft Cluster observations of thin bifurcated current sheets. It utilizes features of the ion motion in thin sheets and assumes anisotropy of the ion species. We report the results of 2D PIC simulations based on this model. Simulations confirm its self-consistency. They also reveal the lower-hyb...

The importance of the thumb can be gauged from ancient Indian mythology where it is mentioned in the Mahabharatha. Drona poignantly demands the thumb as a gift for his gurudakshina from Ekalavya. As mentioned by Napier, the absence of the thumb, whether congenital or post-traumatic, significantly impairs hand function. Although technical advances have led to changes in surgical methods, the gen...