BACKGROUND People who exhibit value-induced bias- distorting relevant probabilities to justify medical decisions- may make suboptimal decisions. OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether and in what conditions people exhibit value-induced bias. DESIGN Volunteers on the Web imagined having a serious illness with 2 possible diagnoses and a treatment with the same "small probability'' of success ...

It is often the case that the value of a number of somewhat similar units (e.g., automobiles of a certain general type) is divided by the number of units in order to form a unit value price and these unit value prices are compared over two periods in order to form a unit value price index. This unit value price index or Drobisch price index can then be compared with other standard index number ...

Rhodes-Kropf and Viswanathan (2004) suggest an adverse selection role of corporate cash reserve. Specifically, if investors know a bidder does not have to issue to invest, an attempt to do so sends a strong pessimistic signal of overvaluation. Despite its intuitiveness, this notion has not been explicitly studied in the empirical literature. Using a sample of acquisitions that are solely financ...

Publication bias remains a controversial issue in psychological science. The tendency of psychological science to avoid publishing null results produces a situation that limits the replicability assumption of science, as replication cannot be meaningful without the potential acknowledgment of failed replications. We argue that the field often constructs arguments to block the publication and in...

In NLP, we need to document that our proposed methods perform significantly better with respect to standard metrics than previous approaches, typically by reporting p-values obtained by rankor randomization-based tests. We show that significance results following current research standards are unreliable and, in addition, very sensitive to sample size, covariates such as sentence length, as wel...

This paper explores the criterion validity of stated preference methods through experimental referenda that capture key characteristics of a stated preference survey for a proposed environmental program. In particular, we investigate whether advisory referenda, where participant votes have either known or unknown weight in the policy decision, can elicit values comparable to that of a standard,...