This paper reports the preliminary development of a microand nano-fabricated carbon nanotube (CNT) –based electron source intended for micro-propulsion applications. The paper proposes a device that implements a trade-off between microfabrication complexity and performance using a 3D packaging technology to minimize interception and decouple the process flows of the grid and the emitter array. ...

1. The common-base emitter current In hot-electron transistors, the emitter/base junction should allow the injection of electrons into the graphene base. The emitter current is the source of all the electrons injected into the graphene base and it consists of two components: one component is due to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and the other component is due to thermionic emission (e.g. the curren...

Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species generated under conditions of photooxidative stress. It has been shown that supplementation with high doses of beta-carotene protects skin against UV-induced erythema. This study was designed to investigate whether intervention with a natural dietary source rich in lycopene protects against UV-induced erythema ...

In the present study, the detrimental effect of β-emission on pig skin was evaluated. Skin injury was modeled in mini-pigs by exposing the animals to 50 and 100 Gy of β-emission delivered by (166)Ho patches. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical changes in exposed skin were monitored for 18 weeks after β-irradiation. Radiation induced desquamation at 2~4 weeks and gradual repair of this d...

The emitter series resistances (Rs,emi) can be extracted from experimentally measured JV curves using the two-light intensity method (TLIM) but it can also be calculated from the emitter geometry using analytical formulas and finally also computed with arbitrary precision using finite element simulation (FES). On the one hand formulas and FES consider Rs,emi as distributed, on the other hand th...

Radioisotopes that emit electrons (beta particles), such as radioiodine, can effectively kill target cells, including cancer cells. Aqueous 32P[PO4] is a pure beta-emitter that has been used for several decades to treat non-malignant human myeloproliferative diseases. 32P[PO4] was directly compared to a more powerful pure beta-emitter, the clinically important 90Y isotope. In vitro, 32P[PO4] wa...

Background: Accelerated partial breast irradiation via interstitial balloon brachytherapy is a fast and effective treatment method for certain early stage breast cancers however skin, chest wall and Lung doses are correlated with toxicity in patients treated with breast brachytherapy.Objective: To investigate the percentage of the dose received by critical organ (skin), thermoluminescence detec...