Ball-milled bamboo was pre-swelled with a cold aqueous solution of NaOH and urea, and then reacted directly with benzyl chloride to synthesize benzylated bamboo. The effects of the molar ratio of benzyl chloride to OH groups in the bamboo (1 to 4), the reaction temperature (70 to 110 °C), and the reaction time (2 to 8 h) on both the product yield and the degree of substitution (DS) were evaluat...

The cross-coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and various types of aryl halides (Suzuki reaction) was carried out using a catalytic amount of a new palladium catalyst (1-benzyl-3-(1-benzyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-yl) pyridin-1-ium palladium chloride [DBNT][PdCl4]) in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) in the presence of KOH as the base. This new catalyst was synthesized and...

Mesoporous CuO-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared and calcined at 500 ̋C. The performance of the synthesized catalysts for benzylation of benzene using benzyl chloride was studied. The bare support (macroporous ZrO2) offered 45% benzyl chloride conversion after reaction time of 10 h at 75 ̋C. Significant increase in benzyl chloride conversion (98%) was observed after CuO loading (10 wt. %) on porous ...

The fundamental nature of Ti(III) complexes generated in tetrahydrofuran by reduction of Cp(2)TiCl(2) has been clarified by means of cyclic voltammetry and kinetic measurements. While the electrochemical reduction of Cp(2)TiCl(2) leads to the formation of Cp(2)TiCl(2)(-), the use of metals such as Zn, Al, or Mn as reductants affords Cp(2)TiCl and (Cp(2)TiCl)(2) in a mixture having a dimerizatio...

A novel acetyl chloride-mediated cascade transformation involving three components (benzyl carbamate, ethyl glyoxylate and arene nucleophiles) is reported. Aryl orthogonally protected α-amino acids are obtained in a one pot cascade, using a mild AcOH-AcCl system, via a critical autocatalytic dehydration-activation step ensuring an original and efficient Friedel-Crafts orchestration.