Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions including developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferations, and neoplasms. In this review, common benign lesions are summarized and their relationship to the development of subsequent breast cancer is emphasized.

Cells in neoplasms evolve by natural selection. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies add further selection pressure to the evolution of neoplastic cells, thereby selecting for cells resistant to the therapies. An alternative proposal is a benign cell booster. Rather than trying to kill the highly dysplastic or malignant cells directly, a benign cell booster increases the fitness of the more ben...

Chondromas are benign tumors that may be found in many parts of the body. Among intracranial neoplasms, tumors of cartilaginous origin are rare. It has been shown that most of these tumors arise from the skull base. Their occurrence in other parts of the intracranial cavity is unusual. Chondroma of falx is a rare neoplasm. In this report we introduce a case of falcine chondroma arose from front...

chondromas are benign tumors that may be found in many parts of the body. among intracranial neoplasms, tumors of cartilaginous origin are rare. it has been shown that most of these tumors arise from the skull base. their occurrence in other parts of the intracranial cavity is unusual. chondroma of falx is a rare neoplasm. in this report we introduce a case of falcine chondroma arose from front...

The endometrial stromal nodule is a benign tumor composed of differentiated endometrial stromal cells arranged as a well circumscribed nodule with smooth non-invasive margins. They are rare neoplasms, diagnosed in most instances by microscopy. Although nodules are benign in nature, hysterectomy is the treatment of choice to enable evaluation of the tumor margins which are well demarcated in...

Cartilage associated with malignant neoplasms of breast has been known and documented for over 200 years. Benign breast tumours containing cartilage are rare. A case of such a tumour was encountered. Histologically it comprised multiple foci of mature benign cartilage in benign fibrous and adipose stroma. Other cases of similar tumours in the literature are reviewed.

Granular cell tumor is a rare benign non-encapsulated tumor that mostly presents in oral cavity. Breast localization is uncommon and occurs in about one per 1000 cases of breast cancers. It mainly affects premenopausal women showing the possible role of estrogen and progesterone levels in the progression of this tumor. Granular cell tumor is a great emulator of the invasive ductal carcinoma of ...

Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the myometrium, representing most common tumors in women worldwide. To date, no long-term or noninvasive treatment option exists for hormone-dependent uterine fibroids, due to limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and development fibroids.

Primary tracheal tumors are rare neoplasms which often present with indolent and nonspecific symptoms. Despite a tendency for late presentation, more than half of patients with benign and malignant neoplasms will be candidates for curative resection upon diagnosis. This review describes the diagnostic and staging evaluation of tracheal neoplasms. Curative surgical procedures including laryngotr...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the expression levels of cathepsins in malignant and premalignant lesions. METHODS We retrospectively included patients who underwent pancreatic surgery on pancreatic solid or cystic masses. The expression of cathepsin H, L, B and S was determined in both types of samples. Lesions were divided into three categories: malignant (pancreatic adenocarcinoma and malign...