Analytical methods presented to analyze the buried steel pipelines at strike-slip fault crossing use the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The cross-section of a buried pipe that is completely surrounded by soil cannot rotate freely and would not be remained perpendicular to the bending line after deformation. So it would be better to take into consideration a rotation between the cross-section and ...

The flexible inextensible magnetic rod model is applied for the study of bending and buckling deformations of the paramagnetic particle chains linked by polymer molecules. It is shown that the existing experimental results can be reasonably well described by this model which takes into account the normal magnetic forces arising at chain bending deformation. By matching the experimentally observ...

Cellular and organellar membranes are dynamic materials that underlie many aspects of cell biology. Biological membranes have long been thought of as elastic materials with respect to bending deformations. A wealth of theory and experimentation on pure phospholipid membranes provides abundant support for this idea. However, biological membranes are not composed solely of phospholipids--they als...

The purpose of the study was to validate optical segment tracking, a new method for in vivo human tibia deformation measurements and to assess bending in a three-point bending test. The approach relies upon optical motion capturing of reflecting marker clusters affixed to the bone via screws inserted three millimeters into the corticalis in local anesthesia. The method was tested in five health...

During evolution, plants evolved various reactions to wounding. Fast wound sealing and subsequent healing represent a selective advantage of particular importance for plants growing in arid habitats. An effective self-sealing function by internal deformation has been found in the succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi. After a transversal incision, the entire leaf bends until the wound is close...

The evaluation of liquefaction effect on the dynamic moment of stabilizing piles is potentially significant. Based on the dynamic centrifuge modeling of a slope reinforced with a row of copper model pile, this paper not only analyzed the response of dynamic pore pressure, earthquake deformation and macroscopic phenomenon measured in the response of the reinforced slope, but also simulated the r...

The bending of a carbon nanotube is studied by considering the structural evolution of a carbon nanotorus from elastic deformation to the onset of the kinks and eventually to the collapse of the walls of the nanotorus. The changes in the electronic properties due to delocalized deformations are contrasted with those due to localized deformations to bring out the subtle issue underlying the reas...

The oscillatory behavior of CNT oscillators, initially subjected to bending, is studied under constant temperature using molecular dynamics simulations. We constrain the rotational motion of the inner CNT by imposing a small bending deformation to the initial structure. Our observation suggests that this constraint does not enhance the oscillation stability of CNT oscillators. However, oscillat...