Fluid and electrolyte status have a significant impact on physical performance and health. Pre-exercise recommendations cite the possibility of consuming beverages with high amounts of sodium. In this sense, non-alcoholic beer can be considered an effective pre-exercise hydration beverage. This double-blind, randomized study aimed to compare the effect of beer, non-alcoholic beer and water cons...

This study applied the grounded theory method of data collection and analysis to the social phenomenon of beer consumption in Australia. The aim was to explore a popular Australian consumption activity to provide an insight into the consumption process in general, and the consumption of beer in particular. The output is a substantive theory of beer consumption that describes the specific cognit...

Beer is a beverage that is produced in a multistage process, where some stages of that process are intentionally influenced by microorganisms, while at other stages of the production process microorganisms are actively discouraged. Most of the intentional microbial activity is facilitated by yeast; however bacteria also play an influential role in beer production. This paper will describe the b...

For brewing industry, beer spoilage bacteria have been problematic for centuries. They include some lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus lindneri and Pediococcus damnosus, and some Gram-negative bacteria such as Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus, Pectinatus frisingensis and Megasphaera cerevisiae. They can spoil beer by turbidity, acidity and the production of unfavorable s...

2015 The impact of large container beer purchases on alcoholrelated fatal vehicle accidents Hoke O & Cotti C The authors examined the relationship between beer container size and alcoholrelated fatal accidents, noting that they are the first researchers to investigate this relationship. Unlike wine and liquor, beer is typically packaged and consumed in serving size containers (e.g., can, bottle...

Production of good quality beer is dependent largely on the fermentation temperature and yeast strains employed during the brewing process, among others. In this study, effects of fermentation temperatures and yeast strain type on beer quality and spent yeast density produced after wort fermentation by two commercial yeast strains were investigated. Beer samples were assessed for colour, clarit...

Because of an epidemiologic association of decreased risk of death from ischemic heart disease with moderate use of alcoholic beverages, and because numerous abnormalities found in people with ischemic heart disease are also found in animals deficient in copper, rats were fed a diet deficient in copper and were given either beer or water to drink. Rats drinking beer lived nearly six times as lo...

Enzymatic digestion, or hydrolysis, has been proposed for treating gluten-containing foods and beverages to make them safe for persons with celiac disease (CD). There are no validated testing methods that allow the quantitation of all the hydrolyzed or fermented gluten peptides in foods and beverages that might be harmful to CD patients, making it difficult to assess the safety of hydrolyzed pr...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the research was to assess access to sexual and reproductive health services for migrant women who work as beer promoters. This mixed methods research was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Bangkok, Thailand, Vientiane, Laos, and Hanoi, Vietnam during 2010 to 2011. METHODS Focus groups were held with beer promoters and separate focus groups or interviews with key inf...

Tonga no longer has a national airline with the recent demise of Royal Tongan Airlines, but it has two national beers: Ikale and Royal. Both are lagers, but they are widely believed to be of different taste and quality. Bottled Ikale beer is considered to be inferior in quality with a great variation from batch to batch, and even from bottle to bottle within the same batch. Draft Ikale is belie...