Abstract Sucking pests are major threat to cotton field crop which cause unbearable losses the yield. Aim of current study was record seasonal dynamics sucking insect including whitefly, jassid, thrips and their natural arthropod predators i.e. green lacewings spiders in plots. The effects surrounding crops on pests’ density predatory efficiency were also recorded. For sampling survey insects, ...

Abstract Tuta absoluta and Bemisia tabaci are two key worldwide tomato pests. In response to chemical control limits, the use of zoophytophagous mirid predators as biocontrol agents is being increasingly studied proposed for management these However, some species in particular Nesidiocoris tenuis , which naturally occurs European crops controversial due its ability inflict significant damage on...

The loss of apex predators is known to have reverberating consequences for ecosystems, but how changes in broader predator assemblages affect vital ecosystem functions and services is largely unknown. Predators and their prey form complex interaction networks, in which predators consume not only herbivores but also other predators. Resolving these interactions will be essential for predicting c...

Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective this study was assess diversity and abundance crop pests. A survey crops associated with carried out 144 fields in southern Senegal measure various pests, determi...

Unlike the smaller and more vulnerable mammals, African elephants have relatively few predators that threaten their survival. The sound of disturbed African honeybees Apis meliffera scutellata causes African elephants Loxodonta africana to retreat and produce warning vocalizations that lead other elephants to join the flight. In our first experiment, audio playbacks of bee sounds induced elepha...

Classical biological control is often considered a cornerstone of integrated pest management, although the introduction of exotic natural enemies can have unpredictable and wideranging impacts on native ecosystems. In this article, I question the wisdom of using the classical approach as an automatic Þrst response to invasive pests. I critically evaluate some classical biological control progra...

Learning plays a crucial role in predator avoidance [1-3], but little is known about how the type of experience with predators molds future prey behavior. Specifically, is predator-avoidance learning and memory retention disrupted by cryptic coloration of predators, such as crab spiders [4, 5]? How does experience with different predators affect foraging decisions? We evaluated these questions ...

The survival of the bee depends on the successful defense against microbial invaders, parasites and predators. The honey bee immune system, like other species of holometabolous insects, depends on two main categories of defense reactions: the cellmediated responses such as phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign objects and cell-free defense mechanisms represented by the antimicrobial immune ...