Received: August 15, 2016 Revised: January 11, 2017 Accepted: February 14, 2017 Abstract: Background: Since the fragile anisotropy of shale, it is difficult to carry out laboratory experiments of geostress by shale cores. The existing geostress calculation model that is based on the homogeneous hypothesis also cannot meet the accuracy requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the new...

The use of non-slip surfaces during loading and unloading of finishing pigs plays an important role in animal welfare and economics of the pork industry. Currently, the guidelines available only suggest the use of ramps with a slope below 20 degrees to load and unload pigs. However, the total time it takes to load and unload animals and slips, falls, and vocalizations are a welfare concern. Thr...

an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chemical amendments and reused litter on broiler performances, immune response and skin quality. five hundred and seventy six (576) day old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 3x2 factorial design experiment. three amendments treatment included control (no chemical addition), alunminum sulfate and zeolite; two types of litter were ne...

Various bedding materials used in infancy, including duvets (or continental quilts), were tested for airflow using the British Standards Institution tests for pillows or fabrics. Resistance was also measured when the items were placed on a dummy infant face. Measurements were made on washed and unwashed garments, which were tested both dry and wet. Results suggest that all the bedding materials...

Mite allergens in a house are considered to sensitize the residents at levels more than 2μg/g fine dust and may cause bronchial asthma at the level over 10 μg/g. The floor materials were substituted to cork and the bedding to mite-free one, and reduction of mite allergens and improvement of the symptoms and signs of bronchial asthma were observed in two houses where there are children with bron...

On modern dairy farms, environmental mastitis pathogens are usually the predominant cause of mastitis, and bedding often serves as a point of exposure to these organisms. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine bacterial populations of 4 different bedding types [deep-bedded new sand (NES), deep-bedded recycled sand (RS), deep-bedded manure solids (DBMS), and shallow-bedded man...

The purpose of the study was to assess the microenvironment in separately ventilated mouse cages at differing ventilation rates, mice populations, and frequency of bedding changes. We monitored intracage temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide during 3 experiments. First, the effect of ventilation rate on the microenvironment of cages housing adult male ...

In order to reduce straw input, soft lying mats are used increasingly instead of straw bedding in cubicle systems for dairy cows. This study aimed at comparing different types of soft lying mats with straw bedding regarding cow behaviour and leg injuries. Data were collected on five farms with straw bedding and on 13 farms using four types of soft lying mats consisting of different materials. O...

landfill and incineration are two common methods mostly used for disposal of huge quantities of solid wastes. the bioconversion ability of earthworms in vermicomposting process of organic waste in different types of bedding materials was investigated to produce more valuable products as an economical and effective alternate method for solid waste management. in this work organic waste (obtained...