In an open channel, a sudden drop in water elevation is associated with a negative surge. Practical applications include the ebb tide motion in estuaries with macro-tidal conditions, the rundown of the swash, and the retreat of tsunami waters after reaching the maximum runup. Herein a physical study is presented with a focus on the effects of bed roughness. Detailed measurements were performed ...

We outline a method of assessing the roughness of the bed beneath ice-masses, applicable to data collected in a wide variety of (glaciated) environments. Roughness at scales 410m in particular is poorly constrained and understood in glaciated systems, and regional geophysical surveys collected over the past 30 years are ideally suited to addressing this issue. We demonstrate the technique using...

A three-dimensional numerical model is used to compute the water flow field in a straight flume with a cobble bed. The geometry of the numerical model is a replication of a physical model experiment where the largest cobbles were approximately 10 cm long. Detailed information on the digital terrain model of the bed was available from a laser scan of the bed. In the experiments, flow velocity pr...

This work investigates effects of vibrotactile stimuli and auditory feedback in perceiving roughness. One of objectives in the research is to derive functional correlations between perceived roughness and principal elements of vibrotactile stimuli. A tactile display device having a 5x6 pin array has been developed as the test bed for the quantitative experiment. Sandpapers were used as specimen...