Seventy to eighty five percent of failures and wear problems in lubricated machines are caused by oil contamination. Contaminants shorten the life of all machines, especially those with fine finishes and clearances operating at high speeds and temperatures. Examples are rolling and sliding bearings, gears, vane and piston hydraulic pumps, Maintaining clean oil provides the benefits listed in Ta...

When the re:fiigerant R l34a is mixed with an ester oil and usea m compressor bearing lubrication, no EP action is experienced. The refrigerant contains no chlorine and the lubricant additives can not be chemically active like normal EP additives, not to deposit in and destroy the heat excha..>Jgers. The iubricant film thickness thus needs to be considerably larger for an Rl34a compressor beari...

Unconventional oils mainly heavy oils, extra heavy oils and bitumens represent a significant share of the total oil world reserves. Oil companies have expressed interest in unconventional oil as alternative resources for the energy supply. These resources are composed usually of viscous oils and, for this reason, their use requires additional efforts to guarantee the viability of the oil recove...

the vapor extraction (vapex) process, a solvent-based enhanced oil recovery process has been found promising for some heavy oil reservoirs. in this work, the vapex process is studied using a compositional simulator on a number of single-block and multiple block fractured systems. pvt data of one of an iranian heavy oil reservoir are used to tune the equation of state. effects of fracture spacin...

The major sources of heavy metal pollution in Estonia are oil shale industry and oil shale combustion. There is an utmost need to monitorsoil pollution with heavy metals in this region. Earthworms are good accumulators of heavy metals and can be used as bioindicators. Endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa and Aporrectodea rosea as well as anecic species Lumbricus terrestris are good bioindic...

Stabilization of oil/oil Pickering emulsions using robust and recyclable catalytic amphiphilic silica nanoparticles bearing alkyl and propylsulfonic acid groups allows fast and efficient solvent-free acetalization of immiscible long-chain fatty aldehydes with ethylene glycol.

The present feature describes for the first time the application of spores from Aspergillus sp. IMPMS7 to break out crude oil-in-water emulsions (O/W). The fungal spores were isolated from marine sediments polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. The spores exhibited the ability to destabilize different O/W emulsions prepared with medium, heavy or extra-heavy Mexican crude oils with specific gravi...