Previous research has suggested that people tend to engage in social loafing when working collectively. The present research tested the social compensation hypothesis, which states that people will work harder collectively than individually when they expect their co-workers to perform poorly on a meaningful task. In 3 experiments, participants worked either collectively or coactively on an idea...

Individually and collectively, it is now more important than ever that we engage in intentional sustained action to advocate for advance diversity, equity, inclusion (DEI) the field of school psychology. To create positive change momentum sustain it, essential psychology colleagues, organizations, entities—including journals—identify how each can contribute advancing DEI efforts. Herein, School...

I argue that culpable ignorance can be irreducibly collective. In some cases, it is not fair to expect any individual have avoided her of fact, but the agents together their fact. Hence, no agent individually for ignorance, they are together. This provides us with good reason think group culpably ignorant in this collective sense non-distributively collectively responsible subsequent unwitting ...

In this article, we are collectively presenting case reports of 15 patients who developed pigmentary changes of the skin and mucus membrane during the course of chloroquine therapy for connective tissue disorders. These female patients developed hyper pigmentation of the skin, largely on the exposed parts of the body. The pigmentary changes varied from brownish/ grayish/ bluish-black in color, ...

Technology is often embodied in expensive and indivisible capital goods. As a result, the small scale of firms developing countries could hinder investment productivity. This paper argues that market interactions between can alleviate this concern. We design implement survey manufacturing Uganda, which uncovers an active rental for large machines among firms. then build equilibrium model firm b...

game-based practicing of materials can be seen as a method of capturing an essence of real- life expe-rience which is commonly missing in the conventional face-to-face classrooms. to serve the l2 learn-ers' immediate communicative needs in wider classroom and societal contexts, this study sought to place l2 english learners within an interactional social framework through reinforcing their...

INTRODUCTION Hypoxia induced factors (HIFs) are at the heart of the adaptive mechanisms cancer cells must implement for survival. HIFs are regulated by four hydroxylases; Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-1,-2,-3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of these oxygen sensors in NSCLC. METHODS Tumor tissue samples from 335 resected stages I to IIIA NSCLC patients...