Addressing the cultural and religious beliefs around the issue of family planning has been a big challenge for the international development community. The concept of family planning has raised some concerns regarding its acceptability within Muslim populations. While some Muslim states and organisations have adopted a rather cautious approach to the issue, others have gone to the extent of inv...

We consider a generalization of the drinking philosophers problem, called GDrPP, in which processes may issue AND-OR requests for resources, as opposed to the AND requests of the original formulation. For GDrPP, we introduce a basic priority dynamics that can be regarded as generalizing the edge-reversal priority dynamics underlying the classical solution to the original formulation. The novel ...

Using a questionnaire validated by the project Biohead-Citizen, where 15 questions are dedicated to evolution, we analyse Muslim teachers' conceptions of evolution in several countries. The first part compares nine francophone countries, with varying degrees of Muslim or Christian culture: France, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Gabon, and shows a strong ...

After Sep. 11, the Muslim people in USA were facing a critical situation of anti-Muslim hate crimes, which caused great impacts to Muslim people’s daily lives. The Muslim people’s social status and their lives therefore became the focused concern in the hostile urban environment. What is the Muslim people’s reaction and feel to this change? And how do they adapt themselves to the critical urban...

The ultimate success of the reconquista (the reconquering of Muslim lands in the Iberian Peninsula from 718-1492) and the ensuing consolidation of Spain beneath the joint rule of Ferdinand and Isabel helped define the course of western civilization. This paper uses the unique institutional organization of Muslim rulers in Iberia to explain the fall of Muslim power in the Peninsula. Through vast...

The first Muslim fath/ liberation of Islamicjerusalem in the seventh century was a remarkable historical turning point for Holy Land. After centuries exclusion, peace and inclusivity Land were finally established. Moreover, this event raised standing Islam between two superpowers, Byzantium Persia. As vital occurred era ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattāb, several studies have documented his significant role....