This paper analyses what kind of coordination between cells is necessary when using cellular manufacture compared to a production situation that is functionally organized. Three levels of coordination are distinguished: internal, horizontal and vertical. Two types of relations between units are considered: sequential and lateral. It is shown that there is a change in coordination requirement if...

The article discusses the results of research on efficiency a battery assembled with lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFeP04) cells when managed by an active Battery Management System (BMS) using “battery-to-cell” energy transfer. This arrangement was especially developed authors and is intended for use in selected suspended mining vehicle. main emphasis placed variation two most important factors limi...

This paper presents results from a field test performed on commercial power-optimized lithium-ion battery cells cycled on three heavy-duty trucks. The goal with this study was to age battery cells in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) environment and find suitable methods for identifying cell ageing. The battery cells were cycled on in-house developed equipment intended for testing on conventional...

Porous electrodes govern the electrochemical performance and pumping requirements in redox flow batteries, yet conventional carbon-fiber-based porous have not been tailored to sustain of liquid-phase electrochemistry. 3D printing is an effective approach manufacturing deterministic architectures, enabling tuning pressure drop. In this work, model grid structures are manufactured with stereolith...

This paper focuses on state of charge (SOC) estimation for the battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). By modeling a battery based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM), the adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) method can be applied to estimate the battery cell SOC. By adaptively setting different weighed coefficients, a battery pack SOC estimation algorithm is established based on the sing...

With cell mobile phone devices becoming a basic part of life, the re-charging of cell mobile phone battery energy has always been a problem. The cell mobile phone devices differ in their talk-time and battery energy take a position by according to their producer and battery energy. All these mobile phones regardless of their producer and battery energy have to be put to renew after battery ener...

The accurate peak power estimation of a battery pack is essential to the power-train control of electric vehicles (EVs). It helps to evaluate the maximum charge and discharge capability of the battery system, and thus to optimally control the power-train system to meet the requirement of acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking while achieving a high energy efficiency. A novel o...

In order to decarbonize the rail industry, development of innovative locomotives with ability use multiple energy sources, constituting hybrid powertrains, plays a central role in transitioning from conventional diesel trains. this paper, four configurations based on suitable combinations fuel cells and/or batteries are designed replace or supplement diesel/overhead line powertrain real passeng...

The design process for a fuel-cell-based inverter system for domestic use is discussed. The peculiar characteristics of the fuel cell stack energy source require the use of a battery for buffering. The fuel cell characteristics and the battery requirements for this application are discussed. A large number of different possible solutions are examined. The proposed solution uses an active filter...