Flash floods, produced by heavy seasonal rainfall and characterized high speeds destructive power, are among the most devastating natural phenomena capable of causing great destruction in very little time. In absence hydrological data, morphometric characterization can provide important information on preventive measures against flash floods. A priority categorization hydrographic units Cañete ...

Securing water supply in the face of increasing scarcity is one important challenge faced by humanity sustainable development. Inter-basin transfer widely applied to provide security regions where demand exceeds availability. However, effect inter-basin on alleviating and its inequality poorly understood especially at national scale. Based a newly compiled database projects China, here we repor...

Global metrics of land cover and land use provide a fundamental basis to examine the spatial variability of human-induced impacts on freshwater ecosystems. However, microscale processes and site specific conditions related to bank vegetation, pollution sources, adjacent land use and water uses can have important influences on ecosystem conditions, in particular in smaller tributary rivers. Comp...

Introduction: Although a significant fraction the mascon gravity anomalies can be explained by the flexural support of the mare basalts within the basins, in some cases this explanation does not suffice. A number of the lunar basins exhibit mascons in excess of that which can be accounted for by the maria, and some basins possess central gravity anomalies yet lack mare fill altogether [1]. An e...

Study area is located in the higher folded belt in the Zagros Mountain in the Iraqi Kurdistan. Analyzed geomorphic indices included sixteen sub basins: the stream gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), hypsometric integral (Hi), Valley floor width-valley height ratio (VF) and mountain front sinuosity (J) is obtained relative of tectonic activity in the study area. These indices abo...

The Baltic Sea, a large estuarine sea in northern Europe, has for many decades displayed obvious signs of anthropogenic eutrophication. This study relates long-term trends in total phosphorus (TP) loadings and TP concentrations in surface waters regarding five major sub-basins of the Baltic Sea; the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea, the Baltic Proper, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga. The...

The special geographical environment of the Tibetan Plateau makes ground observation Ground Water Storage (GWS) changes difficult, and data obtained from GRACE gravity satellites can effectively solve this problem. However, it is difficult to investigate detailed GWS because coarser spatial resolution data. In paper, we constructed a 0.1° groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) dataset on 2002 202...

In order to draw patterns in helminth parasite composition and species richness in Mexican freshwater fishes we analyse a presence-absence matrix representing every species of adult helminth parasites of freshwater fishes from 23 Mexican hydrological basins. We examine the distributional patterns of the helminth parasites with regard to the main hydrological basins of the country, and in doing ...

The network architecture of streams and rivers constrains evolutionary, demographic and ecological processes of freshwater organisms. This consistent architecture also makes stream networks useful for testing general models of population genetic structure and the scaling of gene flow. We examined genetic structure and gene flow in the facultatively paedomorphic Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptod...