Horizontal cooperation is one very basic kind of cooperation between expert systems. We argue that the principle of horizontal cooperation under uncertainties is cooperation and competing. In this paper, we present a mechanism for competing. We introduce the deenition of expected utilities of hypotheses and the concept of conclusion distances which describes the degrees of diierence between con...

Digital governance is an important issue in the digital age, involving interests of governments, enterprises, individuals, and other parties. It a key factor achieving modernization national has attracted widespread attention from countries around world. In this study, Knowledge Graph was plotted to combine research framework through big data system. The basic characteristics research, forefron...

Discrete mathematics covers the field of graph theory, which solves various problems in graphs using algorithms, such as coloring graphs. Part theory is focused on algorithms that solve passage through mazes and labyrinths. This paper presents a study conducted part university course theory. The addressed problem high student failure labyrinths chapter. Students’ theoretical knowledge practical...

let r be a fnite commutative ring and n(r) be the set of non unit elements of r. the non unit graph of r, denoted by gamma(r), is the graph obtained by setting all the elements of n(r) to be the vertices and defning distinct vertices x and y to be adjacent if and only if x - yin n(r). in this paper, the basic properties of gamma(r) are investigated and some characterization results regarding co...

let $r$ be a ring with unity. the undirected nilpotent graph of $r$, denoted by $gamma_n(r)$, is a graph with vertex set ~$z_n(r)^* = {0neq x in r | xy in n(r) for some y in r^*}$, and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy in n(r)$, or equivalently, $yx in n(r)$, where $n(r)$ denoted the nilpotent elements of $r$. recently, it has been proved that if $r$ is a left ar...

Cooperative behavior, a natural, pervasive and yet puzzling phenomenon, can be significantly enhanced by networks. Many studies have shown how global network characteristics affect cooperation; however, it is difficult to understand how this occurs based on global factors alone, low-level network building blocks, or motifs are necessary. In this work, we systematically alter the structure of sc...

The frame work of international cooperative work was discussed toward the solution current problems of the leprosy on the view point of researcher involved in fundamental study. Prevention of further reduction of research activity was stressed.

A novel framework for multiple robot cooperation called \Cooperation by Observation" is presented. It introduces many interesting issues such as viewpoint constraint and role interchange, as well as novel concepts like \attentional structure". The framework has the potential to realize a high level of task coordination by decentralized autonomous robots allowing minimum explicit communication. ...