A symbol is a pattern (of physical marks, electromagnetic energy, etc.) which denotes, designates, or otherwise has meaning. The notion that intelligence requires the use and manipulation of symbols, and that humans are therefore symbol systems, has been extremely in uential in arti cial intelligence. keywords: symbol, reasoning, intelligence, representation, logic This article has two parts. W...

Event cameras are activity-driven bio-inspired vision sensors that respond asynchronously to intensity changes resulting in sparse data known as events. It has potential advantages over conventional cameras, such high temporal resolution, low latency, and power consumption. Given the asynchronous spatio-temporal nature of data, event processing is predominantly solved by transforming events int...

charitable activities, as a social issue have been considered a routine by benevolent people. in iran, this has been traced in old days, before accepting islam as an official religion by the people and the state.qajars1 period, as the author says, has left deep effects on setting up charities. ac­cording to charitable acts and its status in rasht, she has studied significant factors, influencin...