A real coded genetic algorithm is implemented for the optimization of actuator parameters for cylinder drag minimization. We consider two types of idealized actuators that are allowed either to move steadily and tangentially to the cylinder surface (" belts "), or to steadily blow/suck with a zero net mass constraint. The genetic algorithm we implement has the property of identifying minima bas...

We investigate the joint dynamics of near-wake velocity and base pressure a square back Ahmed body. identify two modes that are responsible for most drag variations. show turbulent large-scale field in wake can be recovered from measurements.

A specific feature of three-dimensional bluff body wakes, flow bistability, is a subject of particular recent interest. This feature consists of a random flipping of the wake between two asymmetric configurations and is believed to contribute to the pressure drag of many bluff bodies. In this study we apply the modelling approach recently suggested for axisymmetric bodies by Rigas et al. (J. Fl...

The shifting status of transgender practices within the queer subculture has resulted in a renaissance of drag that has taken it into the mainstream culture of mass media, fine arts, and high fashion. Thus, Demi Moore has been featured in a suit and facial hair in an Arena magazine drag spread. Drag kings have also appeared prominently in such varied mainstream publications as Marie Claire, the...

The aim of this study was to compare the speed fluctuation and the drag force in young swimmers between genders. Twenty-three young pubertal swimmers (12 boys and 11 girls) volunteered as subjects. Speed fluctuation was measured using a kinematical mechanical method (i.e., speedo-meter) during a maximal 25-m front crawl bout. Active drag, active drag coefficient and power needed to overcome dra...

Base pressure becomes a decisive factor in governing the base drag of aerodynamic vehicles. While several experimental and numerical methods have already been used for analysis suddenly expanded flows, their implementation is quite time consuming. Therefore, we must develop progressive approach to determine (?). Furthermore, direct consideration influence flow geometric parameters cannot be stu...

In the proximal tubule of the kidney, Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption vary proportionally with changes in axial flow rate. This feature is a critical component of glomerulotubular balance, but the basic mechanism by which the tubule epithelial cells sense axial flow remains unexplained. We propose that the microvilli, which constitute the brush border, are physically suitable to act as a mecha...

Abstract Regulations on global greenhouse gas emission are driving the development of more energy-efficient passenger vehicles. One key factors influencing energy consumption is aerodynamic drag where a large portion associated with base wake. Environmental conditions such as wind can increase separated flow. This paper investigates an optimised yaw-insensitive cavity square-back vehicle in ste...

The reduction of drag on a circular cylinder in two-dimensional incompressible ow, achieved using oscillatory body rotation, is investigated to reveal the physics responsible for the force reduction. Flow is computationally simulated at Reynolds numbers of 100, 300, and 15 000 for a small group of sinusoidal body rotations to gain an understanding of the mechanisms which can control forces in s...