Kim and Chung previously proposed a password-based user authentication scheme to improve Yoon and Yoo’s scheme. However, Kim and Chung’s scheme is still vulnerable to an offline password guessing attack, an unlimited online password guessing attack, and server impersonation. We illustrate how their scheme can be compromised and then propose an improved scheme to overcome the weaknesses. Our imp...

Along with the large-scale proliferation of network and information technology, users can obtain the information resources conveniently via intelligent device. Authentication mechanism is a fundamental tool for ensuring secure communications and the validity of communicating party. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme for anonymous users using elliptic curves cryptosystem (ECC)...

Recently, Kempf and Koodli have proposed a security protocol for Fast Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6). Through the SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) protocol, it achieves secure distribution of a handover key, and consequently becomes a security standard for FMIPv6. However, it is still vulnerable to redirection attacks. In addition, due to the SEND protocol, it suffers from denial of service attacks and e...

Background Exposure to cigarette smoke has numerous health risks for infants and children. Home smoking ban is a simple way to reduce the detrimental impacts of cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking bans in homes as well as associated factors in families with infants in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods This study was a population-based cross-secti...

Tobacco-free policies on college campuses are spreading in Korea. However, the impact of the smoking ban legislation at venues on the boundary of a college campus is still limited. This study aimed to assess short-term changes in PM2.5 concentrations before and after the enactment of the smoking ban legislation to evaluate the impact. In this cross-sectional study, PM2.5 measurements (pre-ban: ...

Baicalin is one of the main bioactive flavone glucuronides derived as a medicinal herb from the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and it is widely used for the treatment of fever, inflammation, and other conditions. Due to baicalin's poor solubility in water, its absolute bioavailability after oral administration is only 2.2%. The objective of this study was to develop a novel baic...

To improve the security of authentication system and strengthen privacy protection in mobile Internet environment, this paper proposes a provably secure Chebyshev chaotic map (CCM)-based scheme (CCMbAS). The proposed transformed traditional public key into private combined two keys to compute one-time used encrypt information. is verified using review BAN logic ProVerif simulation tool. verific...

AIM To evaluate retailer's compliance and consumer's perceptions of and experiences with the point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display ban in Norway, implemented 1 January 2010. METHODS Retailer compliance was measured using audit surveys. Consumer's perceptions of the ban were assessed in three web surveys: one conducted before and two after implementation of the ban. The sample for each of these ...