There are many steels which are stronger than 2000 MPa, with toughness values exceeding 100 MPa m and which have been in commercial service for many decades. Examples include the marageing alloys and carbide–free bainitic steels. By contrast, welding consumables with a proof strength in excess of 1000 MPa are few and far between. This is because whereas wrought steels can be thermomechanically ...

The combined influence of prior plastic strain in the austenite, and applied stress in the course of the transformation, on the crystallographic texture of a bainitic steel was studied in this work. The experimental data were obtained using Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) method and analyzed using two methodologically different approaches. It was concluded that the plastic deformation ...

This paper reports on the precipitation behaviour and microstructural evolution in ~20% cold rolled NbMoV and V single microalloyed low carbon steels during intercritical annealing. The microstructure and precipitation behaviour were studied by optical and scanning/transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis, X-ray diffraction technique and Vickers hardness testing. After intercritical a...

The thermo-mechanical control processing (TMCP) of low carbon (C) Nb-Ti-containing HSLA steel with different cooling rates from 5 to 20 ◦C/s was simulated using a Gleeble 3500 system. The samples’ microstructure was characterized and the tensile properties measured. The results show that a microstructure mainly consisting of quasi-polygonal ferrite (QPF), granular bainitic ferrite (GBF), and ma...

The influence of aluminium on the microstructure of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) has been studied. A number of irons of different compositions have been made by green sand casting and gravity die casting of appropriate design to provide the experimental materials. Austenitising was carried out at different temperatures and holding times for a variety of experimental irons to achieve suff...

Effect of retained austenite characteristics on V-bending in ultrahigh-strength TRIP-aided steel sheets with bainitic ferrite matrix (TBF steel) was investigated for automotive applications. tests were performed a servohydraulic testing machine at processing speed 1 mm/min using 88-degree V-punch (2.0 mm punch radius), V-die (12 die gap, 0.8 shoulder and rectangular specimen (50 length, 5 width...

Color metallography is a useful method for characterizing microstructures of steels with multiple phases. In this paper, application of three different color etching techniques for a bainitic-martensitic steel is reported. Comparisons between the results showed that 10% Na2S2O5 aqueous solution was the best etchant for distinguishing martensite, bainite and ferr...