The visiting and less-privileged status of the secondary users (SUs) in a cognitive radio network obligates them to release the occupied channel instantly when it is reclaimed by the primary user. The SU has a choice to make: either wait for the channel to become free, thus conserving energy at the expense of delayed transmission and delivery, or find and switch to a vacant channel, thereby avo...

NRG performed a research project on the influence on safety of diverse backup systems next to the existing digital I&C safety systems in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). As part of this research project a probabilistic approach has been used to evaluate the basic options to connect a diverse backup system logically to the existing digital I&C systems. One can distinguish four different basic design...

iPhone logical backup files can provide forensic examiners with almost the entire contents of its host phone up until the point that the backup took place. This paper serves to provide an overview of the information attainable via the analysis of an iPhone backup, making references to the applicability of such analysis in the digital forensics field. The paper introduces the backup directories ...

Tape backup has traditionally been the mainstay of enterprise data protection when long-term data protection is required. As disk technologies have improved and economies of scale have driven down prices, disk adoption rates have surged and it would appear disk is poised to eclipse tape as the dominant backup platform and relegate tape to a minor archival and disaster recovery role. Numerous su...

An ad hoc wireless network supports data networking without an infrastructure, so that users can use network services while continually moving. Each move of the mobile host affects the topology of the network and the transmission route. The Ad Hoc Backup Node Setup Routing Protocol (ABRP) is proposed to focus attention on the intrinsic properties of the ad hoc wireless networks. Basically, ABRP...

Backup utilities for the Windows environment are designed to work with the NTFS file format, but they typically provide only partial compatibility with Alternate Data Streams (ADSs). In particular, computer forensics tools are typically capable of discovering ADSs in the file system under investigation, but not necessarily in the backups of such file systems. We examined a number of commonly us...

An on-line backup function for X-NAS, a clustered NAS system designed for entry-level NAS, has been developed. The on-line backup function can replicate file objects on XNAS to a remote NAS in real-time. It makes use of the virtualized global file system of X-NAS, and sends NFS write operations to both X-NAS and the remote backup NAS at the same time. The performance of the on-line backup funct...

For some real-time applications, it is necessary to provide a fast switch over to the backup connection whenever the primary connection fails. With the increase in reliability of network links, it is more cost effective if the backup resources are shared among a number of connections. However, the sharing of backup resources must be controlled to ensure the users of high availability of the bac...