Nerve injury triggers numerous changes in the injured neurons and surrounding nonneuronal cells that ultimately result in successful target reinnervation or cell death. c-Jun is a component of the heterodimeric AP-1 transcription factor, and c-Jun is highly expressed in response to neuronal trauma. Here we have investigated the role of c-jun during axonal regeneration using mice lacking c-jun i...

Myelin components that inhibit axonal regeneration are believed to contribute significantly to the lack of axonal regeneration noted in the adult central nervous system. Three proteins found in myelin, Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. All of these proteins interact with the same receptors, namely, the Nogo recepto...

background: olfactory ensheathing glia (oeg) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after being transplanted in rats with spinal cord injury. this study was conducted to determine the possible beneficial results of olfactory mucosa transplantation (omt) which is a source of oeg on functional recovery and axonal regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve. methods: in this study...

Axonal regeneration is a major issue in the maintenance of adult nervous systems, both after nerve injuries and in neurodegenerative diseases. However, studying this process in vivo is difficult or even impossible in most vertebrates. Here we show that the posterior lateral line (PLL) of zebrafish is a suitable system to study axonal regeneration in vivo because of both the superficial location...

Axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury is impaired in diabetes, but its precise mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this paper, we summarize the progress of research on altered axonal regeneration in animal models of diabetes and cultured nerve tissues exposed to hyperglycemia. Impaired nerve regeneration in animal diabetes can be attributed to dysfunction of neurons and Schwann ...

Axonal regeneration is an essential condition to re-establish functional neuronal connections in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS), but efficient regrowth of severed axons has proven to be very difficult to achieve. Although significant progress has been made in identifying the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms involved, many aspects remain unresolved. Axonal development in embryo...

Various neurotrophic factors that promote axonal regeneration have been investigated in vivo, but the signals that prompt neurons to send out processes in peripheral nerves after axotomy are not well understood. Previously, we have shown oxidized galectin-1 (GAL-1/Ox) promotes initial axonal growth after axotomy in peripheral nerves. However, the mechanism by which GAL-1/Ox promotes axonal rege...

A neuron with injured or severed axon responds with attempts at axonal regrowth. In this regard, axonal regeneration of peripheral nerves occurs far more efficiently compared to central nervous system (CNS) neurons. The latter typically could not form a proper growth cone, and any axonal regeneration in vivo is very limited. The adult CNS environment is not conducive for axonal regrowth. An ext...

Objective(s): Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can effectively promote axonal regeneration，limit axonal retraction，and produce a statistically significant improvement in motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the role in primate animals with SCI is not fully cognized. Materials and Methods:18 healthy juvenile rhesuses were divided randomly into six groups, obs...

Nerve cells of the central nervous system (CNS) are distinct from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in that they are not capable of regenerating after injury (Purves, D. et al. 2001). In recent studies, scientists have discovered that the agents causing this inability to regenerate are myelin-derived protein inhibitors that form three families—MAG, OMgp, and Nogo with a common receptor, NgR (...