Two formulas are proposed for explicitly evaluating drag coefficient and settling velocity of spherical particles, respectively, in the entire subcritical region. Comparisons with fourteen previously-developed formulas show that the present study gives the best representation of a complete set of historical data reported in the literature for Reynolds numbers up to 2×10.

A practical flapping wing micro air vehicle should have ability to withstand stochastic deviations of flight velocities. To design a flapping airfoil with this ability, it is necessary to evaluate the impacts of velocity deviations on the flapping performances numerically or analytically. In this paper, the responses of the time-averaged thrust coefficient and the propulsive efficiency with res...

n≥0 where T denotes the shift on Ω. Conditioned on the particle having asymptotic mean velocity equal to any given ξ, we show that the empirical process of the environment Markov chain converges to a stationary process μ ξ under the averaged measure. When d ≥ 3 and ξ is sufficiently close to the typical velocity, we prove that averaged and quenched large deviations are equivalent and when condi...

A strong local form of the “4/3-law” in turbulent flow has been proved recently by Duchon and Robert for a triple moment of velocity increments averaged over both a bounded spacetime region and separation vector directions, and for energy dissipation averaged over the same spacetime region. Under precisely stated hypotheses, the two are proved to be proportional, by a constant 4/3, and to appea...

Objective: To investigate the relation between thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) parameters reflecting the degree of microvascular injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results: TFC and CBFV were measured after primary coronary angioplasty in 103 consecutive patients with their first anterior wall acute myocardi...

In the most application of nozzle with gas-liquid two-phase flow, the quality of mixture in exhaust of nozzle is the most important parameter as well as the flow velocity. On the other hand, in some industrial application, such as water injection in forced induction (turbocharged or supercharged) internal combustion engine the spray quality is the main goal of designing. In this case and for im...

Intermittency, measured as log (F (r)/3), where F (r) is the flatness of velocity increments at scale r, is found to rapidly increase as viscous effects intensify, and eventually saturate at very small scales. This feature defines a finite intermediate range of scales between the inertial and dissipation ranges, that we shall call near-dissipation range. It is argued that intermittency is multi...

Experimental data on differential diffusion between two species with large and quite disparate Schmidt numbers were obtained in a turbulent water jet by optically measuring the two species concentrations simultaneously. Experimental conditions were chosen so that the species were dilute and did not affect the water density thereby avoiding inertial effects. Differential diffusion was found to b...

Energy dissipation rate, ε, is an important parameter for nearly every experiment on turbulent flow. Mathematically precise relationships between ε and other measurable statistics for the case of anisotropic turbulence are useful to experimentalists. Such relationships are obtained for which the measurable statistics are the 3rd-order and 2nd-order velocity structure functions as well as the ac...