The energy consumption of trains is highly efficient due to the low friction between steel wheels and rails, although the efficiency is also influenced largely by the driving strategy applied and the scheduled running times in the timetable. Optimal energy-efficient driving strategies can reduce operating costs significantly and contribute to a further increase of the sustainability of railway ...

A scenario for trains with autonomous rechargeable energy storage and delivery capability demonstrates the need for unconventional energy management systems. The distributed environment of controls and instrumentation is well suited to network communications even in this EMI rich environment. Network architecture description and benchmark analysis prototypes a control systems capable of meeting...

We consider the area of train control systems like the European Train Control Systems ETCS where several diierent scenarios are considered and accordant software components must interoperate eeectively in order to achieve the desired system behaviour. In order to specify corresponding problems for ETCS high-level Petri net techniques have been identiied as one of the most adequate formal specii...

This paper surveys various formal approaches that could be used to facilitate the development of the train control system described in BART case study. This system is interesting because train control must take into account complex behaviors, positional uncertainties, noise, continuous aspects, and a prede ned computational architecture. The approaches discussed are works in progress and are no...

Excessive use of psychoactive substances during adolescence poses a serious health risk. It can lead to cognitive impairment, as well as addictive problems later in life. Dual process models of addiction suggest that to counter this development, the overdeveloped automatic reactions to drug-related cues should be tempered and cognitive control functions should be strengthened. Recently, several...

This paper describes method for detecting the early signs of fatigue in train drivers. As soon as the train driver is falling in symptoms of fatigue immediate message will be transfer to the control room indicating the status of the drivers. In addition of the advance technology of heart rate sensors is also added in the system for correct detection of status of driver if in either case driver ...

A ZigBee based collision avoidance system for railways has been proposed in this paper. The Train Anti-Collision System (TACS) has four sub centers namely, Train Subsystem, Station/Control Center Subsystem, Signalling Post Subsystem and Level Crossing Subsystem. A safe distance of 1 Km has been given for braking between the trains in case of collision distance. Based on the studies, it has been...

We report a compact realization of short-term depression (STD) in a VLSI stochastic synapse. The behavior of the circuit is based on a subtractive single release model of STD. Experimental results agree well with simulation and exhibit expected STD behavior: the transmitted spike train has negative autocorrelation and lower power spectral density at low frequencies which can remove redundancy i...

abstract in this paper, a fuzzy pid with new structure is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. in this study, a new structure and effective of the fuzzy pid-type load frequency control (lfc) is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. the main objective is to eliminate the deviations in the frequency of different area...