In R.N. Macedonia has a large number of autochthonous or domestic varieties (cultivars) grapevine that are grown as individual vines in small, limited plantations. Until the beginning 20th century and before phylloxera attack our country, native were much more represented. Autochthonous existed cultivated for long time several vineyards characterized by stable significant properties. These adap...

Cleistogamy refers to a type of sexual breeding system with closed flowers. Cleistogamous flowers shed their pollen before flower opening, which leads to autogamy. Two SNPs in the open reading frame region of the Cly1 gene are associated with floral type. In the present study, we investigated the floral type of 436 barley accessions. Molecular markers were developed to genotype these barley acc...

Floral display size represents a tradeoff between the benefits of increased pollinator visitation and the quantity of pollen received vs. the costs of increased self-pollination and reduced pollination quality. Plants with large floral displays often are more attractive to pollinators, but pollinators visit more flowers per plant. Intraplant foraging movements should increase self-pollination t...

• Ecological generalization is postulated to be the rule in plant-pollinator interactions; however, the evolution of generalized flowers from specialized ancestors has rarely been demonstrated. This study examines the evolution of pollination and breeding systems in the tribe Gesnerieae (Gesneriaceae), an Antillean plant radiation that includes specialized and generalized species. • Phylogeneti...

The germ line genome of ciliates is extensively rearranged during development of the somatic macronucleus. Numerous sequences are eliminated, while others are amplified to a high ploidy level. In the Paramecium aurelia group of species, transformation of the maternal macronucleus with transgenes at high copy numbers can induce the deletion of homologous genes in sexual progeny, when a new macro...

Opisthopappus is a perennial, endemic herb of the Taihang Mountains in China. Two species this genus (O. longilobus and O. taihangensis) are important wild genetic resources for Asteraceae; however, their reproductive biology has been lacking until now. This study first detailed report on breeding systems two species. Through field observations, floral syndromes taihangensis were found to posse...

Background and Aims. This paper concludes our series of publications comparing island and mainland speciation in European butterfly-orchids, by studying the morphology, phylogenetics and reproductive biology of the controversial circum-arctic species Platanthera (Limnorchis) hyperborea-the most frequent of seven Icelandic orchids. We draw particular attention to its phylogenetic placement, rema...

Programmed excision of internal eliminated sequences (IESs) occurs at thousands of sites in ciliate genomes. How this is controlled is largely unknown. Here, we report the characterization of the non-efficiently excised 156psiG-11 IES from Paramecium primaurelia strain 156 and that of the efficiently excised 168psiG-11 IES, an allelic variant from strain 168. Then, we report a genetic and molec...