Mechanical ventilation of disease-affected lungs, as well as being an inadequate mode of ventilation for initially healthy lungs, can cause significant changes in their structure and function. In order to differentiate these processes, two terms are used: ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In both cases, lung injury primarily results from differe...

The expenditures for hospital drugs are continuously increasing, and grow much faster than the global hospital budgets do. This explosive growth is caused mainly by a few so-called 'expensive drugs' of which the oncolytics form the main part. The global budgets should stimulate more effective provision of care ('technical efficiency'), however the room for technical efficiency is decreasing. Ho...

A historian of 20 century philosophy of science that were to consider the recent renaissance of studies on the ontological status of spacetime would certainly notice a significant shift of interest toward metaphysical issues previously scorned by neopositivists philosophers. Some philosophers more inclined toward historical analysis have complained about the audacious tendency of some contempor...

1Surgery Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Khatam Cancer Center, Khatam-ol-Anbia hospital, Vali Asr Ave, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Surgery, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tajrish, Qhods Sq., Tehran, Iran 5 Iranian Center for Breast Cancer, Vahid ...

Current localizationpractices suffer fromanarrowandstaticvisionofculture resulting in usability problems for IT product and design. To address this problem, this article compares user localization efforts of mobile messaging technology in two different cultural contexts with a new methodology of cultural usability. It calls for expanding thescopeof localizationpracticesand linkinguser localizat...

BACKGROUND Hospital's success depends on patients' expectations, perceptions, and judgment on the quality of services provided by hospitals. This study was conducted to assess the patients' perceptions and expectations from the quality of inpatient health care in Vali-Asr hospital, Ghaemshahr, and Imam Khomeini and Shafa Hospitals, Sari. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is applied regarding t...