In this overview we explore the electroanalytical determination of molecule murder: atropine. Atropine, occurs naturally in various plants nightshade family, including deadly (Atropa belladonna). On one hand, atropine, a tropane alkaloid, has medical uses, named on World Health Organisations list essential medicines, used for example resuscitations and as an antidote to certain poison gases ins...

We assessed the sympatho-vagal actiyities of the heart after administration of capsalcin by measuring the pewer spectral analysis in rats. There were major two frequency components of heart rate variability, which we defined as high (1.0 Hz < , HF) and low (LF, <1.0 Hz) frequency components. Vagal blockade by atropine abo)ished the high frequency component, and lowered the amplitude of the low ...

We have described in the preceding 2 papers the development of the pharmacological and contractile properties of all targets of the ciliary ganglion: the iris and ciliary body (Pilar et al., 1987), and the choroidal coat (Meriney and Pilar, 1987). In this paper, we examine the chronic effects of ACh receptor (AChR) blockade on ciliary ganglion neuron survival. Nicotinic or muscarinic AChR block...

Bronchial vasodilation in dogs is mediated largely by vagal pathways. To examine the relative contribution of cholinergic and noncholinergic parasympathetic pathways and of sensory axon reflexes to vagal bronchial vasodilation, we electrically stimulated the peripheral vagus nerve in 10 chloralose-anesthetized dogs and measured bronchial artery flow. Moderate-intensity electrical stimulation (w...

WOOD, J. D. Excitation of intestinal muscle by atropine, tetrodotoxin, and Xylocaine. Am. J. Physiol. 222(l): li8-125. 1972.-The circular muscle layer of cat jejunum was mechanically and electrically quiescent when equilibrated in Tyrode solution at 37 C. Atropine, procaine, tetrodotoxin, and Xylocaine produced action potentials and a large increase in the amplitude of contractions in the circu...

BACKGROUND Muscarinic receptors on adrenergic nerve terminals attenuate norepinephrine release. The role of these receptors in the modulation of cardiac norepinephrine release in humans remains uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve patients with normal left ventricular (LV) function and 18 with congestive heart failure (CHF) were studied. A radiotracer technique was used to measure cardiac no...

The brain stem reticular formation plays an important role in determining consciousness and arousal. Modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in this region alters the sleep-wake cycle. In the present study, we examined the effect of the direct application of cholinergic agents into the pontine reticular nucleus on anesthetic requirements and recovery and antinociception in rats. Sprague-Daw...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the neuromuscular blocking agent, rocuronium, on clinical recovery from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as compared with succinylcholine. DESIGN Cross-over study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS 13 ASA physical status I and II patients, ages 18 to 60 years, receiving ECT three times a week. INTERVENTIONS Each patient received either succin...

Diallylnortoxiferine and tubocurarine were compared clinically in 493 adult patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures. Diallylnortoxiferine was found to be approximately twice as potent as tubocurarine. Equipotent doses produced neuromuscular block of the same degree and duration. The incidence of hypotension, its degree and its age distribution are equal. Hypotension occurred in bot...

BACKGROUND Prior research has suggested a weaker parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in type A (coronary-prone) men. To confirm this phenomenon and extend our understanding of it, we investigated the effects of prior muscarinic blockade on the electrocardiogram T wave and other cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to isoproterenol in type A and type B (non-coro...