Spaceborne scatterometers and radiometers offer soil moisture information with resolutions in the order of a few tens of kilometres. However, hydrologic users often request a resolution in the order of 1 km. Based on the insight that surface soil moisture in part is driven by large scale atmospheric forcing, a temporal analysis was carried out between backscatter on a local (1 km) and a regiona...

A geologic analysis of 274 images acquired by the high-resolution MOC camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft within the Arabia Terra low neutron flux anomaly (which is indicative of an anomalously high abundance of hydrogen: up to 16 wt % of the equivalent amount of water) was performed. Correlation between the enhanced abundance of equivalent water with the presence of dust on the ...

Three things must happen at exactly the same time if an infectious plant disease is to occur. One, a susceptible plant must be in a vulnerable state. Two, the parasite that causes the disease must be in an infective stage. Three, environmental conditions must be favorable for disease development. The environment of a plant consists of the air around it and the soil in which it grows. The enviro...

dust is a common atmospheric phenomenon in iran especially in central arid regions.  this severely affects environment as well as resident’s health. among the results of this phenomenon are respiratory diseases, bash radiation, accelerated soil erosion, desertification and degradation of ecosystems. some dusts are originated from local desert conditions but adjacency to neighboring countries de...

A sea-breeze event in south-west Western Australia is simulated using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) version 6.0. The model is evaluated against high resolution soundings as well as station observations and is shown to reproduce the qualitative features of the sea-breeze well. Sensitivity tests are carried out to investigate the effects of historical land-cover change and chan...

Accurate representation of the spatial and temporal distribution of water vapour in the atmosphere represents a significant challenge in current meteorological practice. The quality of quantitative precipitation forecasting and of model representation of hydrologic processes is clearly dependent on accurate initialisation of the atmospheric moisture distribution. Atmospheric water vapour is oft...

Accurate prediction of soil moisture in a land surface model (LSM) is critical in improving land surface and atmosphere interactions in the atmospheric general circulation models used in numerical weather prediction and global climate models. Gravity is a relatively new source of remotely sensed data, available since the launch of the twin Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satelli...

In this study, we investigate the sources of moisture (and moisture for precipitation) over the Danube River Basin (DRB) by means of a Lagrangian approach using the FLEXPART V9.0 particle dispersion model together with ERA-Interim reanalysis data to track changes in atmospheric moisture over 10-day trajectories. This approach computes the budget of evaporation-minus-precipitation by calculating...

This paper describes the second part of a study to document the sensitivity of the modeled regional moisture flux patterns and hydrometeorological response of the North American monsoon system (NAMS) to convective parameterization. Use of the convective parameterization schemes of Betts–Miller–Janjic, Kain–Fritsch, and Grell was investigated during the initial phase of the 1999 NAMS using versi...

[1] Simulating land surface hydrological states and fluxes requires a comprehensive set of atmospheric forcing data at consistent temporal and spatial scales. At the continental-toglobal scale, such data are not available except in weather reanalysis products. Unfortunately, reanalysis products are often biased due to errors in the host weather forecast model. This paper explores whether the er...