OBJECTIVE Mechanisms and interactions among intravascular cells contributing to development of subclinical atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In women, both menopausal status and pregnancy history influence progression of atherosclerosis. This study examined activation and interactions among blood elements with subclinical atherosclerosis in menopausal women with known pregnancy histories. ...

In spite of having lower incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the reproductive age group, the incidence of CAD among postmenopausal females and age matched males are almost the same. This is due to alteration in the lipids and lipoproteins levels during postmenopausewhich contributes to development of CAD. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in devel...

Sex Hormones and Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic Syndrome To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Dr Iglseder et al1 dealing with sex differences in early carotid atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome. The results of their study demonstrated that extent of plaques and cariotid artery intima-media thickness parameters were significantly higher in subjects wi...

abstract numerous clinical studies have shown bisphoshonates (bps) to be useful and cost-effective options for the fractures prevention and postmenopausal bone loss. the use of oral bisphoshonates is an established option for managment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, but many of them complaint from gastrointestinal side effect or frequently dosed oral regimens. to improve upon the subo...

Sex Hormones and Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic Syndrome To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Dr Iglseder et al1 dealing with sex differences in early carotid atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome. The results of their study demonstrated that extent of plaques and cariotid artery intima-media thickness parameters were significantly higher in subjects wi...

Background Estrogen replacement therapy has been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. One of the mechanisms responsible may be a beneficial effect of estrogen on coronary vascular function. We therefore studied the short-term effects of estrogen on coronary artery dimensions and microvascular resistance in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results Twenty...