The rocket science will be the easy part. With a projected launch date of 2020, NASA is planning to send astronauts on a three-year mission to Mars—including six months in transit each way—and its technicians are reasonably confident about the mechanical aspects of the trip. The truly vexing problems are turning out to be the medical ones. Can human beings survive long-term exposure to deep-spa...

INTRODUCTION. While in space, astronauts are required to perform mission-critical tasks on very expensive equipment at a high level of functional capability. Stressors can compromise their ability to do so, thus it is very important to have a system that can unobtrusively and objectively detect neurobehavioral problems involving elevated levels of behavioral stress and negative emotions. Comput...

The comparison of growth, survival rate and behavior Oscar fish (Astronauts ocellatus) fries fed by Artemia urmiana, earthworm beef heart supplemented diets

Despite the development and great progress in field of space biology, astronauts are still facing many challenges space. The environment which stay includes microgravity, noise, circadian rhythms disorder, confinement, has deep effect both on physiology psychology astronauts. It was reported that long-term flight could cause astronauts’ anxiety depression. However, underlying mechanism is not y...

Microgravity (microG)-induced orthostatic intolerance (OI) in astronauts is characterized by a marked decrease in cardiac output (CO) in response to an orthostatic stress. Since CO is highly dependent on venous return, alterations in the resistance to venous return (RVR) may be important in contributing to OI. The RVR is directly dependent on arterial compliance (C(a)), where aortic compliance ...