Older adults suffer from many cognitive impairments relative to young adults and one of the most established types of age-related cognitive decline is a reduction in memory performance. Memory for single units of information (item memory) have been shown to be less susceptible to cognitive ageing than memory for associations among units of information (associative memory). An associative defici...

Previous studies of associative encoding that used explicit retrieval tasks have shown both age- and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT)-related declines, but such results may be biased by group differences in explicit retrieval. In the present experiment, the authors assessed implicit associative encoding for 25 younger adults (ages 18-25), 73 healthy older adults (ages 59-91), and 65 adults ...

Building on previous studies of the effects of similarity on recognition memory for faces (e.g., Busey & Tunnicliff, 1999; Yotsumoto, Kahana, Wilson, & Sekuler, in press), we examined similarity’s role in the learning of novel face-name associations. In Experiment 1, subjects learned the names of synthetic faces that varied along four perceptual dimensions (Wilson, Loffler, & Wilkinson, 2002). ...

Optical associative memory with terminal attractor (TA) is proposed for pattern recognition. With numerical simulations, the optimal control parameter in the TA model associative memory is determined. The optimal control parameter is also used in an optical experiment. The capacity of TA model associative memory is also investigated based on the consistency between the stored pattern and the ob...

We apply genetic algorithms to fully connected Hop eld associative memory networks. Previously, we reported that a genetic algorithm can evolve networks with random synaptic weights to store some number of patterns by pruning some of its synapses. The associative memory capacity obtained in that experiment was around 16% of the number of neurons. However the size of basin of attraction was rath...

When applying an unordered set of classification rules, the rules may assign more than one class to a particular example. Previous methods of resolving such conflicts between rules include using the most frequent class in the conflicting rules (as done in CN2) and using näıve Bayes to calculate the most probable class. An alternative way of solving this problem is presented in this paper: by ge...

BACKGROUND The relationship between awareness and associative learning is a key controversial issue that remains to be elucidated. An experiment was designed to assess associative learning with and without perceptual awareness. METHOD Participants received repeated trials of two compatible stimuli sequences (S1A → S2A and S1B → S2B ), where S1 was a masked stimulus, and S2 an imperative stimu...

The present study addressed contradictory results in childhood literature about conceptual priming. Based on the processing view, two forms of conceptual priming were investigated across two experiments in children aged from 7 to 16: associative priming (using the free-association test) and relational (categorical) priming (using the categorical exemplar generation test) as well as their explic...

Pigeons demonstrate associative symmetry after successive matching training on one arbitrary and two identity relations (e.g., Urcuioli, 2008). Here, we tested whether identity matching training is necessary for this emergent effect. In Experiment 1, one group of pigeons (Dual Oddity) learned hue-form arbitrary matching and two oddity relations which shared sample and comparison elements with t...