The availability of methods for the nutritional therapy of hospital patients has caused clinicians to realize the need for reliable methods to select patients for such treatment. In the early years, following the introduction of the techniques of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition, the decision to use those therapies was mostly a clinical one. More recently attempts have been made to em...

The Bone age assessment (BAA) is used to estimate the skeletal maturity of children. Performing bone age assessment is an important path of the diagnostic and management pathway in children with a variety of growth and endocrine disorder. Bone age assessment methods are popular to estimate the growth rate of children. BAA is used to find hormone problems such as thyroid, diabetes, obesity and a...

Empirical data are almost always lacking in real-world risk analyses. In fact, some risk analysis problems try to forecast what risks may be associated with situations that are, at the time of the assessment, only hypothetical. It may therefore be impractical, unethical, or even impossible to collect relevant empirical data. To make matters worse for the analyst, the situations of concern in ri...

In the last two decades easy-to-use simple instruments have been developed and validated to assess specific aspects of the diet or a general profile that can be compared with a reference dietary pattern as the Mediterranean Diet or with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Brief instruments are rapid, simple and easy to use tools that can be implemented by unskilled personnel without ...

Since the 1950s, there has been rapid and extensive change in the way assessment is conducted in medical education. Several new methods of assessment have been developed and implemented over this time and they have focused on clinical skills (taking a history from a patient and performing a physical examination), communication skills, procedural skills, and professionalism. In this paper, we pr...

Dietary records or food diaries can be highlighted among dietary assessment methods of the current diet for their interest and validity. It is a prospective, open-ended survey method collecting data about the foods and beverages consumed over a previously specified period of time. Dietary records can be used to estimate current diet of individuals and population groups, as well as to identify g...

This Working Section is concerned with evolving methods of assessment in dental education. It focuses on newer methods of assessment that might have relevance for broader application. Although it cannot provide answers to all the questions it raises, it is hoped that the contribution it makes is of value in the process of the development of a global network in dental education.