Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia can alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease although the therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that DBS relieves symptoms by minimizing pathologically disordered neuronal activity in the basal ganglia. In human participants with parkinsonism and clinically effective deep brain leads, regular (i.e., periodic) high-frequen...

We examined the effect of inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) on duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in rats to further understand DBS regulation. DBS was measured by using the pH-stat method and by using CO2-sensitive electrodes. 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (50 microM; DMA), a concentration that selectively inhibits the NHE isoforms NHE1 and NHE2, but not NHE3, did not affect DBS. Nevertheless...

BACKGROUND The introduction of deep brain stimulation (DBS) about 25 years ago provided one of the major breakthroughs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a high percentage of patients are reluctant to undergo DBS. Previous research revealed that the critical step on the patient's path to DBS is the decision whether to undergo further diagnostic assessment for surgery at a sp...

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAC) region is an effective therapeutic avenue for several psychiatric disorders that are not responsive to traditional treatment strategies. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which DBS achieves therapeutic effects remain unclear. We showed previously that high-frequency (HF) NAC DBS suppressed pyramidal cell firing and enhanced slow local field pot...

OBJECTIVES Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc-DBS) has antidepressant effects in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, limited information exists regarding the impact of NAcc-DBS on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether NAcc-DBS in patients with TRD has any cognitive effects. METHODS A comprehensive neurop...

Debranched waxy rice starch (DBS) and fatty acid (FA; i.e., lauric acid and stearic acid) were dissolved and co-precipitated in acetate buffer solutions pH 3-7. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of precipitants obtained displayed B-type at low pH (3-5) but Vh-type at pH 7, indicating that DBS precipitated as free form at pH 3-5 but as inclusion complexes with FA at pH 7. The precipita...

High-frequency deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) region is an effective therapeutic avenue for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Imaging studies suggest that DBS acts by suppressing the aberrant metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that is a hallmark of OCD; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs....

1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) capable of gelling an organic liquid phase. Considering their unique chemical physical properties, we assessed potential effects in new lipstick formulations by discrimination testing; vitro measurements the sun protection factor (SPF); thermal, mechanical tex...

The study evaluated the performance of the Kalon HSV-2 assay on dried blood spots (DBS) of various dilutions compared with plasma from young women aged 18-24 years in Uganda. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of three DBS dilutions using plasma as the reference. All three evaluated DBS dilutions yielded low sensitivities and specificities with DBS 1:2 yielding the highest concurrence...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective clinical treatment for several medically refractory neurological disorders. However, even after decades of clinical success, explicit understanding of the response of neurons to applied electric fields remains limited, and scientific definition of the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS remains elusive. In addition, it is presently unclear which electrode ...